From studies on the thrust in swimming
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2008.32.03Keywords:
Swimming, Thrust, Swimming speedAbstract
Swimming speed is determined by many factors, including weight preparation of the swimmer which is one of the most important ones. This power is directly related to the speed a swimmer can reach in water, that is the value of thrust. The aim of the study was to establish the level of thrust and swimming speed of the 2nd year students (n=20) of the University School of Physical Education (USPE) in Poznan and to compare them with the results of study from 1983 in which the 4th year students (n=20) of the USPE in Poznan were studied. The current study was carried out in the context of the long-term changes in swimming technique. Research methods: measurement of thrust in real conditions was performed using a prototype device for the measurement of thrust of a swimmer which makes it possible to register the force in the water environment; swimming speed was established on the basis of the time needed to cover the distance of 25 metres, according to the regulations of the Polish Swimming Association. Conclusions: the students taking part in the 1983 study had higher values of thrust, but a lower speed than the students taking part in the 2006 study, which suggests that apart from the thrust the technique of swimming has a important influence of the swimming speed.
Downloads
References
Adach, Z., Adach, J. (1994) Wpływ siły ciągu i wybranych parametrów czynnościowych na szybkość pływania na krótkich dystansach. (Effect of thrust and selected functional parameters on speed of swimming at short distances),"Roczniki Naukowe" (Year Book), University School of PE in Poznań., no. 41.
Bartkowiak, E. (1999) Pływanie sportowe (Sport swimming), Biblioteka Trenera, Warszawa.
Costill, D.L., King, D.S., Holdren, A., Hargreaves, M. (1983) Swimming speed vs. swimming power, "Swimming Technique", 20(1), 20-22.
Craig, A.B., Skehan, P.L., Pawelczyk, J.A., Boomer, W.L. (1985) Velocity stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition, "Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise", 17(6), 625-634. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198512000-00001
Costill, D.L., King, D.S., Thomas, R., Hargreaves, M. (1985) Effects of reduced training on muscular power in swimming, "Physician and Sportsmedicine", 13, 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1985.11708748
Dobosz, J. (2007) Indywidualna ocena kondycji fizycznej w perspektywie zmian populacyjnych. Punktacyjne tablice sprawności fizycznej. Biospołeczne aspekty rozwoju współczesnej młodzieży polskiej w okresie dojrzewania, Dziesiąte warsztaty antropologiczne im. prof. J. Charzewskiego. Warszawa.
Drozdowski, Z. (1998) Antropometria w wychowaniu fizycznym (Anthropometry in physical education), AWF Poznań.
Guzman, J.R. (1998) Swimming drills for every stroke, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
Haljand, R. (1997) Methods of kinematic evaluations for competition techniques in swimming and conclusions for training, Symposiums-Bericht, Kölner Schwimmsporttage, Cologne Swimming Symposium 1996. Orig.-Ausg.-Bockenem: Sport-Fahnemann-Verlag.
Hannula, D., Thornton, N. (ed.) (2001) The swim coaching bible, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
Kjendlie, P.L., Haljand, R., Fjørtoft, O. And Stallman, R.K. (2006) The temporal distribution of race elements in elite swimmers. In: Vilas-Boas, J.P., Alves, F. and Marques, A. (Eds.), "Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming X. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences: Porto, pp. 54-56.
Kraemer, W., Fleck, S.J. (2004) Strenght training for young athletes, Second edition. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
Maglischo, E.W. (1993) Swimming even faster, Moutain View, Mayfield Publ. Company.
Maglischo, E.W. (2001) Swimming fastest, Champagin. Human Kinetics.
SHARP, R.L. (1986) Muscle strength and power related to competitive swimming, "Journal of Swimming Research", 2(2), 5-10.
Przywęda, R., Dobosz, J. (2003) Kondycja fizyczna polskiej młodzieży (Physical condition of Polish youth), Monography of University School of PE nr 98, Warszawa.
Przywęda, R., Dobosz, J. (2005) Growth and physical fitness of polish youths, Monography of University School of PE nr 103, Warszawa.
Strzelczyk, R. (1982) Wpływ programowanych obciążeń siłowych na zmiany prędkości w pływaniu kraulem na piersiach (The effect of programmed weight loads in changes in speed doing the front crawl). Roczniki Naukowe AWF Poznań, pp. 121-144.
Strzelczyk, R., Daszkiewicz, A. (1982) Próba kompleksowego oddziaływania treningowego na prędkość w pływaniu (An attempt at comprehensive training influence on swimming speed). Year Book of University School of PE in Wrocław, book 32, pp.121-127.
Strzelczyk, R. (1983) Charakterystyka zależności między siłą ciągu a prędkością pływania i podstawowymi parametrami somatycznymi w aspekcie stopnia zaawansowania sportowego (A description of the relation between thrust and swimming speed and basic somatic parameters in the light of degree of sports advancement), Monography of University School of PE in Poznań no. 205.
Strzelczyk, R., Banaszak, F., Wachowski, E., Rychlewski, T. (1991) Uprawienie i kontrol za razwitiem siły i skorosti w procesie trenirowki pławcow. Woprosy fiziczeskowo wospitanija studentów (Managing and controlling the development of power and speed in the process of swimmers' training. Questions of physical education of students). Leningradzkij Gosudarstwiennyj Uniwersytet, XXII, pp. 43-48.
Strzelczyk, R., Wachowski, E. (1994) Siła ciągu w pływaniu (Thrust in swimming), Trening, no.3.
Sweetenham, B. (2003) Championship Swim Training, Champaign Human Kinetics.
Thomas, D.G. (2005), Swimming-3rd Ed - Steps to Success, Champaign Human Kinetics, IL.
Wachowski, E., Strzelczyk, R., Osiński W. (1975) O przydatności pomiaru siły ciągu w kształtowaniu szybkości pływaków (On the usefulness of measurement of thrust in development of swimmers' speed), "Sport Wyczynowy", No. 1, pp.1-5.
Wilmore, J.H., Costill, D.L. (1994) Physiology of sport and exercise, Champaign Human Kinetics.
Zatsiorski, W. M. (1979) Kształcenie cech motorycznych sportowca (Shape of player motor abilities), Sport and Tourism, Warszawa.
Downloads
Statistics
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2008 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.