A new approach for the determination of anaerobic threshold: Methodological survey on the modified Dmax method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.72.23Keywords:
PSLS mathematical model, Narita equation, Heart rate deflection point, HRDPAbstract
A wide variety of diagnostic techniques can be found in the literature for anaerobic threshold (AT) assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate if the heart rate (HR) at the modified Dmax method (Mod-Dmax) using parallel straight line slope (PSLS) mathematical model and the Narita target heart rate equation was comparable with the HR measured at the AT by the continuous respiratory gas measurements in healthy young girls. Eight (age 19.29±1.70 years) healthy young girls performed an exhaustive treadmill exercise test for determination of the HR at Mod-Dmax using PSLS model and Narita equation. The AT of the participants was also calculated by the continuous respiratory gas measurements according to the Craig method. There was no significant difference between the HR determined at the Mod-Dmax method and the HR measured at the AT by the continuous respiratory gas measurements (167±9.22 vs. 165.25±6.32 b/min). Bland and Altman plots revealed a good agreement between the determined HR at Mod-Dmax and values of the HR measured at the AT by the continuous respiratory gas measurements (95% CI =−20 to+22.8 b/min). According to the results, the Mod-Dmax using PSLS model and the Narita equation during the exhaustive treadmill exercise test is an accurate and reliable noninvasive alternative to the cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming invasive methods. Therefore, the Mod-Dmax method can be used for the determination of AT in healthy young girls.Downloads
References
AUNOLA S, RUSKO H. Does anaerobic threshold correlate with maximal lactate steady-state? J Sports Sci. 1992; 10(4):309-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419208729931
BENTLY DJ, MCNAUGHTON LR, THOMPSON D, VLECK VE, BATTERHAM AM. Peak power output, the lactate threshold, and time trial performance in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001; 33(12):2077. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200112000-00016
BINDER RK, WONISCH M, CORRA U, COHEN-SOLAL A, VANHEES L, SANER H, et al. Methodological approach to the first and second lactate threshold in incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Eur J Cardiovas Prev Reh. 2008; 15(6):726. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e328304fed4
BODNER ME, RHODES EC. A review of the concept of the heart rate deflection point. Sports Med. 2000; 30(1):31-46. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030010-00004
BROOKS GA. Intra-and extra-cellular lactate shuttles. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32(4):790. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200004000-00011
CHENG B, KUIPERS H, SNYDER AC, KEIZER HA, JEUKENDRUP A, HESSELINK M. A new approach for the determination of ventilatory and lactate thresholds. In J Sports Med. 1992; 13: 518-518. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021309
CONCONI F, FERRARI M, ZIGLIO PG, DROGHETTI P, CODECA L. Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners. J Appl Physiol. 1982; 52(4):869. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.869
Craig N, Walsh C, MARTIN DT, WOOLFORD S, BOURDON P, STANEF T, et al. Protocols for the physiological assessment of high-performance track, road and mountain cyclists. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes/Australian Sports Commission. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics 2000: 258-77.
ERDOGAN A, CETIN C, KARATOSUN H, BAYDAR ML. Non-invasive Indices for the Estimation of the Anaerobic Threshold of Oarsmen. J Int Med Res. 2010; 38(3):901-915. https://doi.org/10.1177/147323001003800316
FELL JW. The modified D-max is a valid lactate threshold measurement in veteran cyclists. J Sci Med Sport. 2008; 11(5):460-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.07.012
FOLKE M. Estimation of the lactate threshold using an electro acoustic sensor system analysing the respiratory air. Med Bioll Eng Comp. 2008; 46(9):939-942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-008-0373-4
GHOSH AK. Review article-Anaerobic Threshold: Its Concept and Role in Endurance Sport. Mala J Medl Sci. 2004; 11(1):24-36.
GRAZZI G, MAZZONI G, CASONI I, ULIARI S, COLLINI G, HEIDE L, et al. Identification of a [latin capital V with dot above] o2 Deflection Point Coinciding With the Heart Rate Deflection Point and Ventilatory Threshold in Cycling. J Stre Cond Res. 2008; 22(4):1116. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173936c
Kara M, Gȍkbel H, Bediz C, Ergene N, Üçok K, Uysal H. Determination of the heart rate deflection point by the Dmax method. J Sports Med Phy Fit. 1996; 36(1):31-34.
KARATZANOS E, PARADISIS G, ZACHAROGIANNIS E, TZIORTZIS S, NANAS S. Assessment of ventilatory threshold using near-infrared spectroscopy on the gastrocnemius muscle during treadmill running. Int J Indus Ergono. 2010; 40(2):206-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2009.02.003
MEYER T, LUCIA A, EARNEST CP, KINDERMANN W. A conceptual framework for performance diagnosis and training prescription from submaximal gas exchange parameters-theory and application. Int J Sports Med. 2005; 26(1):38. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-830514
Narita K, Sakamoto S, Mizushige K, Senda S, Matsuo H. Development and evaluation of a new target heart rate formula for the adequate exercise training level in healthy subjects. J Cardiol. 1999; 33(5):265.
PEINADO AB, BENITO PJ, DIAZ V, GONZALEZ C, ZAGICO AG, ALVAREZ M, et al. Discriminant analysis of the speciality of elite cyclists. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2011; 6(3):480-486. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2011.63.01
POKAN R, HOFMANN P, VON DUVILLARD SP, BEAUFORT F, SMEKAL G, GASSER R, et al. The heart rate performance curve and left ventricular function during exercise in patients after myocardial infarction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30(10):1475. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199810000-00002
SHYAMAL K, JARNAIL S, JASPAL SS. Anthropometric and physiological characteristics on Indian inter-university volleyball players. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2010; 5(3):307-321. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2010.53.09
Siahkouhian M. A new mathematical model for determination of heart rate deflection point. Int J Fitness. 2007; 2(3):11-16.
SURIANO R, VERCRUYSSEN F, BISHOP D, BRISSWALTER J. Variable power output during cycling improves subsequent treadmill run time to exhaustion. J Sci Med Sport. 2007; 10(4):244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.06.019
VERGES S, FLORE P, FAVRE-JUVIN A. Blood lactate concentration/heart rate relationship: laboratory running test vs. field roller skiing test. Int J Sports Med. 2003; 24(6):446-451. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41176
WONISCH M, HOFMANN P, FRUHWALD FM, HOEDL R, SCHWABERGER G, POKAN R, et al. Effect of 1-selective adrenergic blockade on maximal blood lactate steady state in healthy men. European journal of applied physiology. 2002; 87(1):66-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-002-0595-3
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
