A systemic overview of football game: The principles behind the game
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2014.92.05Keywords:
Football, Systems, Principles of play, PedagogyAbstract
The football game is a specific systemconstituted by many players’ interactions. The specific nature of such sportmust be properly analyzed and discussed in sport community in order tounderstand the principles that rules the system organization. As a team sportwith specific properties it is truly important to discuss how players’interactions from the dynamic nature of game. Therefore, the aim of this studyis to classify the football game as a team sport and to discuss their specificdynamic that determines the emergence of a tactical behavior and a strategicdefinition. Such discussion can be important to determine the specificpedagogical and didactical contents to teach at youth football training andeven in Physical Education classes.Downloads
References
Almond, L. (1986). Primary and secondary rules in games. Em R. Thorpe, D. Bunker, & L. Almond, Rethinking games teaching (pp. 73-74). Loughborough, England: Loughborough University of Technology.
Araújo, D. (2006). Tomada de decisão no desporto. Cruz Quebrada, Lisboa, Portugal: FMH Edições.
Araújo, D., & Davids, K. (2009). Ecological approaches to cognition and action in sport and exercise: Ask not only what you do, but where you do it. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 40, 5-37.
Bangsbo, J., & Peitersen, B. (2002). Defensive football tactics: how to stop players and teams from scoring. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Bonabeau, E., Theraulaz, G., Deneubourg, J. L., Aron, S., & Camazine, S. (1997). Self-organization in social insects. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 12, 5, 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01048-3
Bourbousson, J., Poizat, G., Saury, J., & Seve, C. (2010). Team Coordination in Basketball: Description of the Cognitive Connections Among Teammates. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22, 2, 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413201003664657
Bouthier, D. (1988). Les conditions cognitive de la formation d'actions sportives collectives. Nouvelle these, Université Paris: V. EPHE.
Castelo, J. (1996). Futebol a organização do jogo: como entender a organização dinâmica de uma equipa de futebol e a partir desta compreensão como melhorar o rendimento e a direcção dos jogadores e da equipa. S.I.: Jorge Castelo.
Costa, I. T., Garganta, J. M., Greco, P. J., & Mesquita, I. (2009). Princípios Táticos do Jogo de Futebol: conceitos e aplicação. Motriz, 15, 3, 657-668.
Costa, I. T., Garganta, J., Greco, P. J., Mesquita, I., & Seabra, A. (2010). Influence of Relative Age Effects and Quality of Tactical Behaviour in the Performance of Youth Football Players. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 10, 2, 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2010.11868504
Couzin, I. D., Krause, J., Franks, N. R., & Levin, S. A. (2005). Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move. Nature, 433, 513-516. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03236
Deleplace, R. (1995). Logique du jeu et conséquences sur l'entraînement à la tactique. Communication orale "Colloque sport collectif". Paris: INSEP.
Deneubourg, J. L., & Goss, S. (1989). Collective patterns and decision-making. Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, 1, 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1989.9525500
Duprat, E. (2007). Enseigner le football en milieu scolaire (colleges, lycées) et au club. Paris: Editions ACTION.
Fajen, B. R., Riley, M. R., & Turvey, M. T. (2009). Information, affordances, and control in sport. International Journal of Sports Psychology, 40, 79-107.
Garganta, J., & Pinto, J. (1994). O ensino do futebol. Em A. Graça, & J. Oliveira, O ensino dos jogos desportivos (pp. 95-136). Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do Porto: Rainho & Neves Lda.
Glazier, P. S. (2010). Game, Set and Match? Substantive Issues and Future Directions in Performance Analysis. Sports Medicine, 40, 8, 625-634. https://doi.org/10.2165/11534970-000000000-00000
Gréhaigne, J. F. (1992). L'organisation du jeu en football. Joinville-le-Pont, France: Éditions Actio.
Gréhaigne, J. F., & Godbout, P. (1995). Tactical Knowledge in Team Sports From a Constructivist and Cognitivist Perspective. Quest, 47, 490-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1995.10484171
Gréhaigne, J. F., Bouthier, D., & David, B. (1997). Dynamic-system analysis of opponent relationship in collective actions in football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, 2, 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404197367416
Gréhaigne, J. F., Godbout, P., & Bouthier, D. (1999). The Foundations of Tactics and Strategy in Team Sports. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 18, 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.18.2.159
Gréhaigne, J. F., Godbout, P., & Zerai, Z. (2011). How the "rapport de forces" evolves in a football match: the dynamics of collective decisions in a complex system. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 2, 747-765.
Gréhaigne, J. F., Richard, J. F., & Griffin, L. (2005). Teaching and learning team sports and games. New York: Routledge Falmar.
Grunz, A., Memmert, D., & Perl, J. (2012). Tactical pattern recognition in football games by means of special self-organizing maps. Human Movement Science, 31, 2, 334-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.02.008
Halloy, J., Sempo, G., Caprari, G., Rivault, C., Asadpour, M., Tâche, F., . . . Deneubourg, J. L. (2007). Social Integration of Robots into Groups of Cockroaches to Control Self-Organized Choices. Science, 318, 16, 1155-1158. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144259
Handford, C., Davids, K., Bennett, S., & Button, C. (1997). Skill acquisition in sport: Some applications of an evolving practice ecology. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, 6, 621-640. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404197367056
Hughes, M. D., & Bartlett, R. M. (2002). The use of performance indicators in performance analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 10, 739-754. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320675602
Jarman, P. J., & Jarman, M. V. (1979). The dynamics of ungulate social organisation. Em A. R. Sinclair, & S. M. Norton-Griffiths, Dynamics of an ecosystem (pp. 185-220). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kauffmann, S. (1993). The origins of order: Selforganization and selection in evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kelso, J. A. (1995). Dynamic Patterns: The Self-organization of Brain and Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
McGarry, T. (2005). Soccer as a Dynamical System: Some Theoretical Considerations. Em T. Reilly, J. Cabri, & D. Araújo, Science and Football V (pp. 570-579). London and New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
McGarry, T., Anderson, D., Wallace, S., Hughes, M., & Franks, I. (2002). Sport competition as a dynamical self-organizing system. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 10, 771-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320675620
Memmert, D., & Perl, J. (2009). Game creativity analysis using neural networks. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 2, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802442007
Metzler, J. (1987). Fondements théoriques et pratiques d'une démarche d'enseignement des sports collectifes. Spirales, 1 (Complément), 143-151.
Parrish, J., & Edelstein-Keshet, L. (1999). Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-offs in Animal Aggregation. Science, 284, 2, 99-101. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.99
Passos, P., Davids, K., Araújo, D., Paz, N., Minguéns, J., & Mendes, J. (2011). Networks as a novel tool for studying team ball sports as complex social systems. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 14, 2, 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.459
Passos, P., Milho, J., Fonseca, S., Borges, J., Araújo, D., & Davids, K. (2008). Interpersonal Distance Regulates Functional Grouping Tendencies of Agents in Team Sports. Journal of Motor Behavior, 43, 2, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2011.552078
Richardson, M. J., Marsh, K. L., & Schmidt, R. C. (2005). Effects of visual and verbal couplings on unintentional interpersonal coordination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 62-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.62
Teodorescu, L. (1984). Problemas de teoria e metodologia nos jogos desportivos. Lisboa: Livros Horizontes Lda.
Wade, A. (1970). The football association guide to training and coaching. London: EP Publishing LTD.
Webb, P., & Pearson, P. (2008). An Integrated Approach to Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). 1st Asia Pacific Sport in Education Conference. Adelaide.
Webb, P., Pearson, P., & Forrest, G. (2006). Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) in primary and secondary physical education. International Conference for Health, Physical Education Recreation, Sport and Dance, 1st Oceanic Congress Wellington. New Zealand.
Worthington, E. (1974). Learning & teaching football skills. California: Hal Leighton Printing Company.
Zerhouni, M. (1980). Principes de base du football contemporain. Fleury: Orges.
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
