Effects of obesity on perception of ability and perception of body image in Portuguese children and adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2016.113.05Keywords:
Weight status, Physical activity, Intervention programs, StudentsAbstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of child obesity is increasing, which is the cause of great preoccupation for governments and health politics developers. The purpose of this study was to examine differences of ability and body image perceptions related to weight status in children and adolescents and explore them as correlates of BMI. Two thousand five hundred and sixty nine adolescents participated in the study (1303 boys, 1266 girls; M age=13.3±2.4 years). The students were questioned about perceptions of ability and body image, and the body mass index was calculated. Findings revealed that overweight participants felt less athletic, agile, fast and fit and had overall lower self-image perception than normal weight participants; regardless of the age, perceptions of elegance and body mass decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Taking in consideration the dangers of overweight related to the perception of body image, it is important to start to develop effective intervention programs that combine physical activity and psychological support, exploring the benefits of strength training.
Downloads
References
Canale, M. P., Manca di Villahermosa, S., Martino, G., Rovella, V., Noce, A., De Lorenzo, A., & Di Daniele, N. (2013). Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Sympathetic Overactivity. International Journal of Endocrinology, e865965. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/865965
Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal, K. M., & Dietz, W. H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 320(7244), 1240–1243. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240
Craigie, A. M., Lake, A. A., Kelly, S. A., Adamson, A. J., & Mathers, J. C. (2011). Tracking of obesity-related behaviours from childhood to adulthood: A systematic review. Maturitas, 70(3), 266–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.005
Davis, J. N., Tung, A., Chak, S. S., Ventura, E. E., Byrd-Williams, C. E., Alexander, K. E., … Goran, M. I. (2009). Aerobic and Strength Training Reduces Adiposity in Overweight Latina Adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(7), 1494–1503. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819b6aea
De Vries, A. P. J., Ruggenenti, P., Ruan, X. Z., Praga, M., Cruzado, J. M., Bajema, I. M., … Porrini, E. (2014). Fatty kidney: emerging role of ectopic lipid in obesity-related renal disease. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2(5), 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70065-8
Erermis, S., Cetin, N., Tamar, M., Bukusoglu, N., Akdeniz, F., & Goksen, D. (2004). Is obesity a risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents? Pediatrics International: Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 46(3), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01882.x
Falkner, N. H., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., Jeffery, R. W., Beuhring, T., & Resnick, M. D. (2001). Social, educational, and psychological correlates of weight status in adolescents. Obesity Research, 9(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.5
Fourchard, F., & Courtinat-Camps, A. (2013). L'estime de soi globale et physique à l'adolescence. Neuropsychiatrie de L'enfance et de L'adolescence, 66(6), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2013.04.005
Franklin, J., Denyer, G., Steinbeck, K. S., Caterson, I. D., & Hill, A. J. (2006). Obesity and risk of low self-esteem: a statewide survey of Australian children. Pediatrics, 118(6), 2481–2487. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0511
Gonçalves, S., Silva, D., & Antunes, H. (2012). Psychosocial correlates of overweight and obesity in infancy. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 22(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.44948
Harriss, D., & Atkinson, G. (2011). Update – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(11), 819–821. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1287829
Kostanski, M., & Gullone, E. (1998). Adolescent Body Image Dissatisfaction: Relationships with Self-esteem, Anxiety, and Depression Controlling for Body Mass. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 39(02), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021963097001807
Landsberg, L., Aronne, L. J., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Igel, L. I., Lloyd-Jones, D., & Sowers, J. (2013). Obesity-related hypertension: Pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment—A position paper of the The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. Obesity, 21(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20181
Latzer, Y., & Stein, D. (2013). A review of the psychological and familial perspectives of childhood obesity. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-7
Lintunen, T. (1990). Perceived physical competence scale for children. In A. Ostrow (Ed.), Directory of Psychological Tests in the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Morgantown: WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Marques, A., Martins, J., Diniz, J., & Carreiro da Costa, F. (2014). Age-groups differences in perception of competence, goal orientation, attitude, and practice of physical activity of girls who attend military schools. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte, 9(1), 37–50.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Sung, R. Y. T., & Yu, C. W. (2007). Childhood obesity, gender, actual-ideal body image discrepancies, and physical self-concept in Hong Kong children: cultural differences in the value of moderation. Developmental Psychology, 43(3), 647–662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.647
Morano, M., Colella, D., Robazza, C., Bortoli, L., & Capranica, L. (2011). Physical self-perception and motor performance in normal-weight, overweight and obese children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(3), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01068.x
Nanu, C., & Baban, A. (2011). The Relation Between Actual And Perceived Body Weight In Adolescence. Science, Movement And Health, 11, 278–286.
Pallan, M. J., Hiam, L. C., Duda, J. L., & Adab, P. (2011). Body image, body dissatisfaction and weight status in south asian children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-21
Pate, R. R., Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Dishman, R. K., & Dowda, M. (2005). Promotion of Physical Activity Among High-School Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Public Health, 95(9), 1582–1587. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.045807
Raudsepp, L., Liblik, R., & Hannus, A. (2002). Children's and adolescents' physical self-perceptions as related to moderate to vigorous physical activity and physical fitness. Pediatric Exercise Science, 14(1), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.14.1.97
Schwimmer, J. B., Burwinkle, T., & Varni, J. (2003). Health-Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents. JAMA, 289(14), 1813. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.14.1813
Shin, N. Y., & Shin, M. S. (2008). Body Dissatisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Depression in Obese Korean Children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 152(4), 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.09.020
Southall, J., Okely, A., & Steele, J. (2004). Actual and perceived physical competence in overweight and non-overweight children. Faculty of Education - Papers (Archive), 15–24.
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity. Quest, 60(2). Retrieved from http://ohiostate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-developmental-perspective-on-the-role-of-motor-skill-competence-in-physical-activity(4cd6f257-a562-4f1b-827b-0b5975d7603b).html https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
Tsiros, M. D., Olds, T., Buckley, J. D., Grimshaw, P., Brennan, L., Walkley, J., … Coates, A. M. (2009). Health-related quality of life in obese children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 33(4), 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.42
Van den Berg, P. (2012). Body Weight and Body Image in Children and Adolescents. In T. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance (pp. 270–274). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384925-0.00045-6
Wang, Y. C., McPherson, K., Marsh, T., Gortmaker, S. L., & Brown, M. (2011). Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK. The Lancet, 378(9793), 815–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60814-3
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
