Exercise training programs and detraining in older women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.121.12Keywords:
Functional tests, Hemodynamic profile, Anthropometric profileAbstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training programs and detraining. Fifty one aged women participated in two supervised exercise programs: a group of land-based exercise and a group of land-based exercise plus aquatic exercise, both being evaluated at the baseline after nine months of intervention and three months of detraining. After intervention, both groups had decreased blood pressure and improved resistance of the lower and upper limbs. After a detraining period, both groups showed significant increase in blood pressure while resistance of lower and upper limbs, agility and aerobic capacity had a significant decrease.
Downloads
References
ACSM. (2013). ACSM’s Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams e Wilkins.
AHA. (2005). Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals: Part 1: Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans: A Statement for Professionals From the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. 45, 142-161.
Alves, R. V., Mota, J., Costa, M. d. C. & Alves, J. G. B. (2004). Aptidão física relacionada à saúde de idosos: influência da hidroginástica. Rev Bras Med Esporte, 10. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922004000100003
Baker, M. K., Atlantis, E. & Singh, M. A. F. (2007). Multi-modal exercise programs for older adults. Age Ageing, 36, 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm054
Bij, A., Laurant, M. & Wensing, M. (2002). Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for older adults – a review. Am J Prev Med, 22, 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00413-5
Bird, M., Hill, K., Ball, M., Hetherington, S. & Williams, A. (2011). The long-term benefits of a multi-component exercise intervention to balance and mobility in healthy older adults. Gerontology and Geriatrics, 52, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.021
Bocalini, D., Serra, A., Rica, R. & Santos, L. (2010). Repercussions of training and detraining by water-based exercise on functional fitness and quality of life: a short-term follow-up in healthy older women. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 65 (12), 1305-1309. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322010001200013
Borg, G. (1982). Phychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 14, 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
Carrilho, M. J. & Patrício, L. (2010). A situação Demográfica Recente em Portugal. Rev Estudos Demográficos, INE, 101-146.
Carvalho, J., Marques, E., Ascenção, A., Magalhães, J., Marques, F. & Mota, J. (2010). Multicomponent exercise program improves blood lipid profile and antioxidant capacity in older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 51, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2009.05.020
Carvalho, J., Marques, E. & Mota, J. (2008). Training and Detraining Effects on Functional Fitness after a Multicomponent Training in Older Women. Gerontology, 297, 1-8.
Carvalho, J., Oliveira, J., Magalhães, J., Ascensão, A., Mota, J. & Soares, J. (2003). Efeito de um programa de treino em idosos: comparação da avaliação isocinética e isotónica. Rev Paul Educ Fís, 17 (1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.2003.138845
Cononi, C., Graves, J., Pollock, M., Phillips, I., Sumners, C. & Hagberg, J. (1991). Effect of exercise training on blood pressure in 70- to 79-yr-old men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 23(4), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199104000-00018
Davidson, S., Perkin, M. & Buckley, M. (2004). The Measurement of Mass and Weight. Measurement Good Practice Guide, 71. National Physical Laboratory. Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom. ISSN 1368-6550.
Dermott, A. & Mernitz, H. (2006). Exercise and older pacients: prescribing guide-lines. Am Fam Physician, 74, 437-444.
Dudley, G. & Snyder, L. (1998). Deconditioning and bed rest: musculoskeletal response. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fagard, R. (2001). Exercise characteristics and the blood pressure response to dynamic physical training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(6), S484-S492. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00018
Gappmaier, E., Lake, W. & Nelson, A. (2006). Aerobic exercise in water versus walking on land: effects on indices of fat reduction and weight loss of obese women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 46 (4), 564–569.
Gwinup, G. (1987). Weight loss without dietary restriction: efficacy of different forms of aerobic exercise. Am J Sports Med, 15, 275–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658701500317
Karinkanta, S., Heinonen, A., Sievänen, H., Uusi-Rasi, K., Pasanen, M., Ojala, K., Fogelholm, M., Kannus, P. (2006). A multi-component exercise regimen to prevent functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women: randomized, controlled trial. Osteoporos Int, 18, 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-006-0256-1
Kelley, G. (1999). Aerobic Exercise and Resting Blood Pressure among Women: A Meta-Analysis. Prev Med, 28, 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0417
Monteiro, L., Fiani, C., Freitas, M., Zanetti, M. & Foss, M. (2010). Redução da Pressão Arterial, do IMC e da Glicose após Treinamento Aeróbico em Idosas com Diabete Tipo 2 Arq Bras Cardiol, 95(5), 563-570. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2010005000135
Motoyama, M., Sunami, Y., Kinoshita, F., Kiyonaga, A., Tanaka, H., Shindo, M., Irie, T., Urata, H., Sasaki, J., Arakawa, K. (1998). Blood pressure lowering effect of low intensity aerobic training in elderly hypertensive patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30, 818-823.
Nakamura, Y., Tanaka, K., Yabushita, N., Sakai, T. & Shigematsu, R. (2007). Effects of exercise frequency on functional fitness in older adult women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 44(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2006.04.007
Puggaard, L. (2003). Effects of training on functional performance in 65, 75 and 85 year-old women: experiences deriving from community based studies in Odense, Denmark. J Med Sci Sports, 13, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.00302.x
Rica, R., Carneiro, R., Serra, A., Rodriguez, D., Junior, F. & Bocalini, D. (2013). Effects of water-based exercise in obese older women: impact of short-term follow-up study on anthropometric, functional fitness and quality of life parameters. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 13(1), 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00889.x
Rikli, R. & Jones, C. (1999a). The development and validation of a functional fitness test for community-residimg older adults. J Aging Phys Activ, 7, 129-161. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.7.2.129
Rikli, R. & Jones, C. (1999b). Functional fitness normative scores for community-residing older adults, ages 60-94. J Aging Phys Activ, 7, 162-181. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.7.2.162
Rose, D., Lucchese, N. & Wiersma, L. (2006). Development of a multidimensional balance scale for use of functionally independent older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehab, 87, 1478-1485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.07.263
Różańska-Kirschke, A., Kocur, P., Wilk, M. & Dylewicz, P. (2006). The Fullerton Fitness Test as an index of fitness in the elderly. Med Rehabil, 10, 9-16.
Santa-Clara, H., Szymanski, L. & Fernhall, B. (2003). Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Pressure in Postmenopausal Caucasian and African-American Women. AM J CARDIOL, 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00128-0
Spirduso, W. & Cronin, D. (2001). Exercise dose-response effects on quality of life and independent living in older subjects Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00028
Stewart, K., Bacher, A., Turner, K., Fleg, J., Hees, P., Shapiro, E., Tayback, M., Ouyang, P. (2005). Effect of exercise on blood pressure in older persons: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med, 165(7), 756-762. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.7.756
Stiggelbout, M., Popkema, D., Hopman-Rock, M., Greef, M. & Mechelen, W. (2004). Once a week is not enough: effects of a widely implemented group based exercise programme for older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Epidemiol Commun H, 58, 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.58.2.83
Taguchi, N., Higaki, Y., Inoue, S., Kimura, H. & Tanaka, K. (2010). Effects of a 12-Month Multicomponent Exercise Program on Physical Performance, Daily Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Very Elderly People With Minor Disabilities: An Intervention Study. J Epidemiol, 20, 21-29. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20081033
Teixeira-Samela, L., Santiago, L., Lima, R., Lana, D., Camargos, F. & Cassiano, J. (2005). Functional performance and quality of life related to training and detraining of community-dwelling elderly. Disabil Rehabil, 27, 1007-1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280500030688
Tokmakidis, S., Spassis, A. & Volaklis, K. (2008). Training, detraining and retraining effects after a water-based exercise program in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiology, 111, 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1159/000127737
Toraman, N. & Ayceman, N. (2005). Effects of six weeks of detraining on retention of functional fitness of old people after nine weeks of multicomponent training. Br J Sports Med, 39, 565-568. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.015586
Toraman, N. & Salin, G. (2004). Age responses to multicomponent training programme in older adults. Disabil Rehabi, 23, 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/096382803100001663012
Vianna, M., Cáder, S., Gomes, A., Guimarães, A., Seixas-da-Silva, I., Rêgo, A., Adão, K., Dantas, E. (2012). Aerobic conditioning, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) of older participants of the Brazilian Family Health Program (FHP) after 16 weeks of guided physical activity. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 54, 210-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.013
Whelton, S., Chin, A., Chin, X. & He, J. (2002). Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials. Ann Intern Med, 136, 493-503. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006
Woo, J., Leung, J. & Kwok, T. (2007). BMI, Body Composition, and Physical Functioning in Older Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring), 15, 1886 –1894. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.223
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
