Improvement of balance in a 7-year-old child through a six-week learning programme
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.131.12Keywords:
Balance, Baropodometer, Balance development learning programme, Centre of pressure, StabilometryAbstract
Given that human beings are constantly subjected to equilibration processes, developing basic perceptual motor skills, especially balance, is important. The main purpose of this study is the validation of the tasks and the progression of activities that form the learning programme for balance development in a six-week didactic unit of 12 sessions (2 sessions per week), for 6 to 9 year old children (1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade of elementary school in Brazil). The changes in balance after applying the programme are also analysed through a new measuring protocol using baropodometry. Although the session was put into practice in a class of 28 children, data were extracted from a 7-year-old child. This is a single-case study in which analysis has been performed measuring pressure, surface and area, points of peak plantar pressure, and stabilometry, with the help of a baropodometer. Results obtained show the highest score areas are in the Quartiles (Q) forming the hindfoot (A= 60.40 cm2; SD= 3.68 cm2; p=.047), with a higher score in the peak pressure of Q2, located in the forefoot, (A= 0.54 kgf/cm2; SD= 0.04 kgf/cm2; p= .030), and improvement in lateral oscillation of dominant foot (A= 1.12 Hz; SD= .00 Hz; p= .00). The data obtained show the participation of the 7-year-old child in the balance development learning programme improves the area and the surface of support of the Center of Pressure (COP) in both feet, particularly in the dominant.
Funding
Catholic University of ValenciaDownloads
References
Arkipelago. Baropodómetro Eletrónico: Programa Footowork. Available in: http://www.arkipelago.com.br/prod_footwork.php consultado en: 07/05/2015.
Araya, L., Vergara, F., Arias, I., Fabré, H. Soxo, M, and Muñoz, C. (2013) Diferencias en equilibrio estático y dinámico entre niños de primero básico de colegios municipales y particulares subvencionados. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM, 15 (1), 17-23.
Boraoa, O., Planasb, A., Beltranb, V, and Corbi, F. (2015). Efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento neuromuscular de 6 semanas de duración aplicado en el tobillo en la realización del Star Excursion Balance Test en jugadores de baloncesto. Apunts Medicina de I'Esport, 50, (187), 95-102.
Castañer, M. and Camerino, O. (2001) La Educación Física en la enseñanza primaria. Barcelona: Inde.
Donath, L., Roth, R., Rueegge, A., Groppa, M., Zahner, L., and Faude, O. (2013) Eff ects of Slackline Training on Balance, Jump Performance & Muscle Activity in Young Children. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34, 1093-1098. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1337949
Filipa, A., Byrnes, R., Paterno, M., Myer, G., and Hewett, T. (2010). Neuromuscular training improves performance on the star excursion balance test in young female athletes. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 40, 551-8. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3325
Glazebrook, C., Batty, M. J., Mullan. N., Macdonald, I., Nathan, D., Sayal, K., Smyth, A., Yang, M., Guo, B., and Hollis, C.(2011) Evaluating the eff ectiveness of aschools-based programme to promote exercise self-effi cacy in childrenand young people with risk factors for obesity: steps to active kids (STAK) . BMC public health, 11, 830. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-830
Granacher, U., Muehlbauer, T., Zahner, L., Gollhofer, A., and Kressig, R.W. (2011) Comparison of traditional and recent approaches in the promotion of balance and strength in older adults. Sports Med, 41, 377 – 400. https://doi.org/10.2165/11539920-000000000-00000
Häfelinger, U. and Schuba, V. (2010). La coordinación y el entrenamiento propioceptivo. Badalona (España): Paidotribo.
Luguaña, J.C. (2013). Aplicación de un programa recreativo para el desarrollo de las destrezas motrices básicas en niños/as de 8 a 9 años de edad de cuarto año de educación básica de la escuela fiscal mixta "costa rica" de nayón de la provincia de pichincha del cantón quito. Propuesta alternativa. (Doctoral thesis). Universidad de las fuerzas armadas. Departamento de ciencias humanas y sociales (Sangloqui, Ecuador).
Marsico, V., Moretti, B., and Patella, V. Analisi baropodometrica del passo in soggetti sani anziani ed in pazienti gonartrosici prima e dopo intervento di artroprotesi di ginocchio. G Ital Med Lav Erg. 2002; 24(1): 72-83.
Miralles, R. and Mirralles I. (2007). Biomecánica clínica de las patologías del aparato locomotor. Barcelona: Masson.
Nagel, A., Fernholz, F., Kibele, C., and Rosenbaum, D. (2008) distance running increases plantar pressures beneath the metatarsal heads: a barefoot walking investigation of 200 marathon runners. Gait Posture; 27(1):152-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.012
National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) (2015) Guía de condicionamiento físico. Diretrxes prar elaboraçao de programas. Brasil: Editora Manole Ltda.
Navarro, M., García, J.M., Brito, Mª. E., Navarro, R., Ruiz, J.A., and Egea, A. (2001) Coordinación y equilibrio. Concepto y actividades para su desarrollo. Departamento Hospital Universitario Insular. U.L.P.G.C. Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología; 280-286.
Nomura, K., Fukada, K., Azuma, T., Hamasaki, T., Sakoda, S., and Nomura, T.(2009) A quantitative characterization of postural sway during human quiet standing using a thin pressure distribution measurement system. Gait Posture; 29(4):654-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.02.001
Paulo, J. (2011) Influência da manipulação osteopática sacroilíaca sobre a pressão plantar e oscilação corporal através do sistema de baropodometria e estabilometria. (Tesis doctoral). Universidade do Vale do Paraíba. Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioengenharia. (Vale do Paraíba, Brasil).
Petrocci, K.E., and Arbeláez, M.F. (2011) La medición del control postural con estabilometría: una revision documental. REV.COL.REH.; 10: 16-24.
Piovesan, A.C. (2015) Efeitos de um tratamento fisioterapêutico nador, equilibrío postural, distribuição das cargas de pressão plantar e sensibilidade de idosas diabéticas tipo 2. (Tesis doctoral) Universidad Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Educaçao Física e desportos. Programa de Pós-graduaçao em Educaçao Física. (Santa María, RS, Brasil).
Prieto, A., Del Valle, M., Nistal, P., Méndez, D., Barcala-Furelos, R., and Abelairas-Gómez, C. (2015) Relevancia de un programa de equilibrio en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de mujeres adultas mayores obesas. Nutr Hosp., 32(6):2800-2807.
Royal Decree 126/2014, of 28 of February, whereby the core curriculum of Primary Education is established. Boletín oficial del Estado, núm. 52, of 1 of March, 2014, pp. 19349-19420.
Ribeiro, L. and Costa, L. (2013). Descarga de peso em crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral. Uniersidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Trebalho de Conclusao de Cruso à Faculdade de Fisioterapia. (Juiz de Fora, Brasil).
Rodríguez, P.L. (2006) Educación física y salud en primaria: hacia una educación corporal significativa y autónoma. Barcelona: Inde.
Rodríguez, Gil, and García, (1996). Metodología de investigación cualitativa. Málaga: Aljibe.
Romero, S. (2001). Formación deportiva: nuevos retos en la educación. Salamanca, España: Secretariado de publicaciones.
Taylor, C.M., Humphriss, R., Hall, A., Golding, J., and Emend, A.M. (2016) Balance ability in 7- and 10-year-old children: associations with prenatal lead and cadmium exposure and with blood lead levels in childhood in a prospective birth cohort study. BMJOpen, 5.
Treasure, D. C. and Roberts, G. C. (2001). Student's perceptions of the motivational Trclimate, archievement beliefs and satisfaction in physical education. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport, 72, 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2001.10608946
Sandín, M. (2010). Investigación cualitativa en educación. España: S.A. McGraw-Hill.
Shopr, N. (2009) Efeitos das palmilhas posturais sobre a postura corporal de escolares (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Federal do Rio Grande do Sil. Programa de pós-graduaçao em ciências do movimiento humano. Mestrado em Ciências do Movimento Humano.(Porto Alegre, Brasil).
Stake, R.E. (2005). Investigación con estudio de casos. Madrid: Ediciones Morata (2).
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
