Neuromuscular differences of selected and non-selected Iraqi National Soccer players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.133.15Keywords:
Monitoring, Testing, Selection process, SoccerAbstract
Background: The purpose was to investigate anthropometric, neuromuscular and physiological differences between selected and non-selected Iraqi National soccer players in their preparation to the Olympic Games 2016. Methods: A total of 32 players (selected (N=16) and non-selected (N=16)) participated on three separate training camps. Each occasion was separated by four month and the following performances were measured: Cooper Test, countermovement jump with (CMJ) and without arms (SJ). The data collection was part of the national monitoring process of the U23-Iraq National Soccer team for their preparation for the Olympic Games 2016. All data were analyzed with independent t-tests for each occasion. Results: Selected players had significant higher SJ performance on the first testing and significant higher CMJ performance compared to non-selected players on every testing occasion. However, non-selected players had significant higher cooper-test performance for the first and second test occasion. Conclusion: It seems that neuromuscular performance such as the SJ and CMJ test separates selected U23-Iraqi National soccer players from their non-selected counterparts. Aerobic endurance capacity did not seem to be critical in the selection process.
Downloads
References
Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, S. B., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2004). Physical fitness, injuries, and team performance in soccer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(2), 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000113478.92945.CA
Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F. M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test : a useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838010-00004
Boone, J., Vaeyens, R., Steyaert, A., Vanden Bossche, L., & Bourgois, J. (2012). Physical fitness of elite Belgian soccer players by player position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2051-2057. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318239f84f
Bradley, P. S., Di Mascio, M., Peart, D., Olsen, P., & Sheldon, B. (2010). High-intensity activity profiles of elite soccer players at different performance levels. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2343-2351. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aeb1b3
Brewer, J., & Davis, J. A. (1990, 1991). A physiological comparison of English professional and sem-professional soccer players. Paper presented at the 2nd World Congress on Science and Football, Eindhoven.
Carling, C., & Collins, D. (2014). Comment on "football-specific fitness testing: adding value or confirming the evidence?". Journal of Sport Sciences, 32(13), 1206-1208. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.898858
Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N. A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J. C., & Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-11331
Croisier, J. L., Ganteaume, S., Binet, J., Genty, M., & Ferret, J. M. (2008). Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(8), 1469-1475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546508316764
Faude, O. K., T.; Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 625-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.665940
Gauffin, H., Ekstrand, J., Arnesson, L., & Tropp, H. (1989). Vertical jump performance in soccer players. A comparative study of two training programmes. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 16, 215-224.
Haines, S., Baker, T., & Donaldson, M. (2013). Development of a physical performance assessment checklist for athletes who sustained a lower extremity injury in preparation for return to sport: a delphi study. International journal of sports physical therapy, 8(1), 44-53.
Haugen, T. A., Tonnessen, E., & Seiler, S. (2013). Anaerobic performance testing of professional soccer players 1995-2010. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 8(2), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.2.148
Impellizzeri, F. M., Rampinini, E., & Marcora, S. M. (2005). Physiological assessment of aerobic training in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 583-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021278
Maio Alves, J. M., Rebelo, A. N., Abrantes, C., & Sampaio, J. (2010). Short-term effects of complex and contrast training in soccer players' vertical jump, sprint, and agility abilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(4), 936-941. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c7c5fd
Markovic, G., Dizdar, D., Jukic, I., & Cardinale, M. (2004). Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3), 551-555.
Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Football-specific fitness testing: adding value or confirming the evidence? Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(13), 1503-1508. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.823231
Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519-528. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000071182
Oberg, B., Moller, M., Gillquist, J., & Ekstrand, J. (1986). Isokinetic torque levels for knee extensors and knee flexors in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 7(1), 50-53. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025735
Oliver, J., Armstrong, N., & Williams, C. (2008). Changes in jump performance and muscle activity following soccer-specific exercise. Journal of Sport Sciences, 26(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701352018
Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F. M., Castagna, C., Coutts, A. J., & Wisloff, U. (2009). Technical performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A league: effect of fatigue and competitive level. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(1), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.10.002
Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120050
Roi, G. S., Creta, D., Nanni, G., Marcacci, M., Zaffagnini, S., & Snyder-Mackler, L. (2005). Return to official italian first division soccer games within 90 days after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 35(2), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2005.35.2.52
Rösch, D., Hodgson, R., Peterson, T. L., Graf-Baumann, T., Junge, A., Chomiak, J., & Dvorak, J. (2000). Assessment and evaluation of football performance. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5 Suppl), S29-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-29
Schache, A. (2012). Eccentric hamstring muscle training can prevent hamstring injuries in soccer players. Journal of Physiotherapy, 58(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70074-7
Schmikli, S. L., Brink, M. S., de Vries, W. R., & Backx, F. J. (2011). Can we detect non-functional overreaching in young elite soccer players and middle-long distance runners using field performance tests? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 631-636. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.067462
Sporis, G., Jukic, I., Ostojic, S. M., & Milanovic, D. (2009). Fitness profiling in soccer: physical and physiologic characteristics of elite players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(7), 1947-1953. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e141
Svensson, M., & Drust, B. (2005). Testing soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 601-618. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021294
Thorlund, J. B., Aagaard, P., & Madsen, K. (2009). Rapid muscle force capacity changes after soccer match play. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(4), 273-278. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1104587
Wisløff, U., Helgerud, J., & Hoff, J. (1998). Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(3), 462-467. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199803000-00019
Zakas, A., Mandroukas, K., Vamvakoudis, E., Christoulas, K., & Aggelopoulou, N. (1995). Peak torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscles in basketball and soccer players of different divisions. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 35(3), 199-205.
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.