Performance indicators in individual rhythmic gymnastics: Correlations in competition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.133.01Keywords:
Training loads, Heart rate, RPE, Rhythmic gymnasticsAbstract
The aim of this study was to identify the training variables that can determine the score in elite rhythmic gymnasts. Seven female rhythmic gymnasts participated in the study (age 15.7 ± 1.2). Performance data were collected from elite gymnasts (n=7) in competition exercises executed over 10 sessions occurring in the competition period. Additional variables such as heart rate, subjective rate of perceived exertion, competition category, number of apparatus, number of competitive exercises and number of training sessions were also collected. Data were examined using linear regression. Results showed that the heart rate average values ranged between 137 and 154 beats per minute. At the end of the competitive period, a decrease in the perceived exertion and the average score of the exercises were observed. An increase in the heart rate (p <0.01) and in the perceived exertion (p <0.05) has a positive impact on the total final score. The variables of heart rate and subjective rate of perceived exertion are significant to control the effects of training on the performance of individual rhythmic gymnasts. Moreover, they enable the coaches to control the training load in an affordable and reliable way.Downloads
References
Ávila-Carbalho, L., Klentrou, P., & Lebre, E. (2012). Handling, throws, catches and collaborations in elite group rhythmic gymnastics. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 4, 37-48.
Baldari, C., & Guidetti, L. (2001). VO2max, ventilatory and anaerobic thresholds in rhythmic gymnasts and young female dancers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41(2), 177-182.
Borg, G.A.V. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14, 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
Botti, M., & Nascimento, J. V. (2011). The teaching-learning-training process in Rhythmic Gymnastics supported by the ecological theory. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 3, 35-48.
Bozanic, A., & Miletic, D. (2011). Differences Between the sexes in technical mastery of rhythmic gymnastics. Journal of Sport Sciences, 29(4), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.529453
Burt, L.A., Naughton, G.A., Higham, D.G., & Landeo, R. (2010). Training load in pre-puberal female artistic gymnastics. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 2, 5-14.
Caine, D.J., Rusell, K., & Lim, L. (2013). Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science Gymnastics. Oxford, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell.
Douda, H., Avloniti, A., Kasabalis, A., Smilios, I., & Tokmakidis, S. (2006). Application of ratings of perceived exertion and physiological responses to maximal effort in rhythmic gymnastics. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 18, 78-88.
Douda, H., Toubekis, A., Avloniti, A., & Tokmakidis, S. (2008). Physiological and anthropometric determinants of rhythmic gymnastics performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3, 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.41
Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (2017). Code of Points Rhythmic Gymnastics 2017-2020.
Foster, C., Florhaug, J.A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L.A: Parker, S., Doleshal, P., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 109-115.
Gateva, M. (2014). Investigation of the effect of the training load on the athletes in rhythmic and aesthetic group gymnastics during the preparation period. Research in Kinesiology, 4, 40-44.
Gateva, M. (2015). Test to determinate the fitness level in rhythmic gymnastics. Sport Mont, XIII (43-44-45), 63-69.
Guidetti, L., Barladi, C., Capranica, L., Persichini, C., & Figura, F. (2000). Energy cost and energy sources of ball routine in rhythmic gymnasts. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 21, 205-209. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8879
Harre, D. (1982). Principles of sport training: Introduction to the theory and methods of training. Berlin: Sportverlag.
Jastrejembskaia, N., & Titov, Y. (1999). Rhythmic gymnastics. Champaing, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
Jemni, M., Friemel, F., Lechevalier, J-M., & Origas, M. (2000). Heart rate and blood lactate concentration analysis during a high-level men´s gymnastics competition. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 389-394. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2000)014<0389:HRABLC>2.0.CO;2
Jemni, M., Sands, W., Salmela, J., Holvoet, P., & Gateva, M. (2011). The Science of gymnastics. London and New York: Routeledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Manos, M., Grigore, V., & Popescu, L. (2012). Study about the energy expenditure assessment in rhythmic gymnastics. Science, Movement, and Health, XII, 170-175.
Platonov, V.N. (2001). Teoría general del entrenamiento olímpico deportivo. Barcelona: Paidotribo.
Portier, H., Arlettaz, A.; Lepanse, B.; Lecocq, A.M.; Labsy, Z., & Collomp, K. (2006). Estimation de la dépense énergétique en gymnastique rythmique. Science & Sports, 21, 300-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2006.06.010
Ramsey, J.B. (1969). Tests for specification error in classical linear least-squares regression analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 31, 350-371.
Rutkauskaite, R., & Skarbalius, A. (2011). Training sport performance of the 11-12 years old athletes in rhythmic gymnastics. Education. Physical Training. Sport, 1, 107-115.
Thompsen, A.G., Kackley, T., Palumbo, M.A., & Faigenbaun, A.D. (2007). Acute effects of different warm-up protocols with and without a weighted vest on jumping performance in athletic women. Journal of Strength and Conditional Research, 1, 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200702000-00010
Tsopani, D., Dallas, G., Tasika, N., & Tinto, A. (2012). The effect of different teaching systems in learning Rhythmic Gymnastics apparatus motor Skills. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 4(1), 55-62.
Tokmakidis, S., Douda, H., Pilianidis, T., & Smilios, I. (1996). Higher physiological responses obteined during rhythmic sport gimnastic routines, rather than with maximal laboratory testing. I International Conference on Rhythmic Sport Gymnastics, Budapest, 26-27.
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
