Coupling angle variability of upper extremity during 5 weeks overarm throwing self-practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.134.15Keywords:
Coordination, Variability, Overarm throwingAbstract
The role of variability is still unknown for biomechanists whether it's useful or not for the performance or skill learning. The aim of this study was to investigate coupling angle variability (CAV) at the early phase of skill acquisition of overarm throwing without any feedback about the result or performance. 7 healthy female without any throwing experience participated in this study. Each participant participated a total of 15 sessions in the laboratory (3 days in a week x 5 weeks). Coupling angle variability of angle-angle diagrams (AAD) calculated for combinations of trunk flexion (TF) –lateral flexion(TL), humeral elevation (HE)- humeral plane of elevation (HP), elbow flexion-extension(EF). There were no significant changes for CAV, however individual AADs showed different patterns for each individual. For understanding the role of the variability in skill learning or performance, individual variability analysis may give information better than the group means.Funding
This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education through the support of National Research Foundation of Korea’s Basic Humanities and Social Research Support-General Joint Research Support Project (Project number, NRF-2013S1A5A2A03045819).Downloads
References
Ball, K., & Best, R. (2012). Centre of pressure patterns in the golf swing: individual-based analysis. Sport Biomech, 11(2), 175–189. http://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.673007
Bartlett, R., Wheat, J., & Robins, M. (2007). Is movement variability important for sports biomechanists? Sport Biomech, 6(2), 224–243. http://doi.org/10.1080/14763140701322994
Bradshaw, E. J., Keogh, J., Hume, P., Maulder, P., Nortje, J., & Marnewick, M. (2009). The effect of biological movement variability on the performance of the golf swing in high- and low- handicapped players. Res Q Exercise Sport, 80(2), 185–196. http://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1997.10608013
Button, C., MacLeod, M., Sanders, R., & Coleman, S. (2003). Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels. Res Q Exercise Sport, 74(3), 257–269. http://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609090
Carson, H. J., Collins, D., & Richards, J. (2013). Intra-individual movement variability during skill transitions: A useful marker? Eur J Sport Sci, 14(July), 37–41. http://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.814714
Chu, Y., Fleisig, G. S., Simpson, K. J., & Andrews, J. R. (2009). Biomechanical comparison between elite female and male baseball pitchers. J Appl Biomech, 25(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.25.1.22
Cortes, N., Onate, J., & Morrison, S. (2014). Differential effects of fatigue on movement variability. Gait Posture, 39(3), 888–93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.11.020
Cunningham, T. J. (2012). The Clinical Usefulness of Vector Coding Variability in Female Runners With and Without Patellofemoral Pain. University of Kentucky.
Davids, K., Bennett, S., & Newell, K. (Eds.). (2006). Movement System Variability. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Doorenbosch, C. A. M., Harlaar, J., & Veeger, D. H. E. J. (2003). The globe system: an unambiguous description of shoulder positions in daily life movements. J Rehabil Res Dev, 40(2), 147–155. http://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2003.03.0149
Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Barrentine, S. W., Zheng, N., & Andrews, J. R. (1998). Kinematic comparisons of throwing different types of baseball pitches. J Appl Biomech, 14(1), 1–23. http://doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.1.1
Escamillia, R., Barentinne, S., Fieisig, G., Naiquan, Z., Takada, Y., Kingsiey, D., & Andrews, J. (2007). Pitching biomechanics as a pitchers approaches muscular fatigue during a simulated baseball game. Am J Sport Med, 35(1), P. 22-33. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546506293025
Fleisig, G. S., Barrentine, S. W., Zheng, N., Escamilla, R. F., & Andrews, J. R. (1999). Kinematic and kinetic comparison of baseball pitching among various levels of development. J Biomech, 32(12), 1371–1375. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00127-X
Fleisig, G. S., Chu, Y., Weber, A., & Andrews, J. (2009). Variability in baseball pitching biomechanics among various levels of competition. Sport Biomech, 8(1), 10–21. http://doi.org/10.1080/14763140802629958
Fleisig, G. S., & Escamilla, R. E. (1996). Biomechanics of the Elbow in the Throwing Athlete. Oper Techn Sport Med, 4(2), 62–68. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-1872(96)80050-5
Galna, B., Lord, S., & Rochester, L. (2013). Is gait variability reliable in older adults and Parkinson's disease? Towards an optimal testing protocol. Gait Posture, 37(4), 580–585. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.025
Gates, D. H., Walters, L. S., Cowley, J., Wilken, J. M., & Resnik, L. (2016). Range of motion requirements for upper-limb activities of daily living. Am J Occup Ther, 70(1), 7001350010p1-7001350010p10. http://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.015487
Glazier, P. S., & Wheat, J. S. (2014). An integrated approach to the biomechanics and motor control of cricket fast bowling techniques. Sports Med, 44(1), 25–36. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0098-x
Gribbin, T. C., Slater, L. V., Herb, C. C., Hart, J. M., Chapman, R. M., Hertel, J., & Kuenze, C. M. (2016). Differences in hip-knee joint coupling during gait after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Biomech, 32, 64–71. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.01.006
Heiderscheit, B. C., Hamill, J., & Van Emmerik, R. E. A. (2002). Variability of stride characteristics and joint coordination among individuals with unilateral patellofemoral pain. J Appl Biomech, 18(2), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.18.2.110
Horan, S. A., Evans, K., & Kavanagh, J. J. (2011). Movement variability in the golf swing of male and female skilled golfers. Med Sci Sport Exer, 43(8), 1474–1483. http://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318210fe03
James, C. R. (2004). Considerations of Movement Variability in Biomechanics Research. In P. Stergiou (Ed.), Innovative Analyses of Human Movement (pp. 29–62). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Latash, M. L., & Zatsiorsky, V. M. (2016). Biomechanics and Motor Control: Defining Central Comcepts. London: Academic Press.
Magill, R. A., & Anderson, D. (2014). Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications (10th editi). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Oyama, S., Yu, B., Blackburn, J. T., Padua, D. A., Li, L., & Myers, J. B. (2014). Improper trunk rotation sequence is associated with increased maximal shoulder external rotation angle and shoulder joint force in high school baseball pitchers. Am J Sport Med, 42(9), 2089–94. http://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514536871
Seroyer, S. T., Nho, S. J., Bach, B. R., Bush-Joseph, C. A., Nicholson, G. P., & Romeo, A. A. (2010). The kinetic chain in overhand pitching: its potential role for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health, 2(2), 135–46. http://doi.org/10.1177/1941738110362656
Sparrow, W. A., Donovan, E., van Emmerik, R., & Barry, E. B. (1987). Using relative motion plots to measure changes in intra-limb and inter-limb coordination. J Motor Behav, 19(1), 115–29. http://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1987.10735403
Sparto, P., & Schor, R. (2004). Directional Statistics. In P. Stergiou (Ed.), Innovative Analyses of Human Movement (pp. 121–161). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Taylor, P. G., Lee, K.-Y., Landeo, R., O'Meara, D. M., & Millett, E. (2015). Determining optimal trial size using sequential analysis. J Sport Sci, 33(3), 300–308. http://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.942679
Urbin, M. A., Stodden, D., & Fleisig, G. (2013). Overarm Throwing Variability as a Function of Trunk Action. J Mot Learn Dev, 1, 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.1.4.89
van Emmerik, R. E. A., Ducharme, S. W., Amado, A. C., & Hamill, J. (2016). Comparing dynamical systems concepts and techniques for biomechanical analysis. J Sport Health Sci, 5(1), 3–13. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.013
Van Emmerik, R. E. A., Miller, R. H., & Hamill, J. (2014). Dynamical systems analysis of coordination. In 2nd Edition (Ed.), Research Methods in Biomechanics (pp. 291–315). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Vereijken, B., Emmerik, R. E. A. van, Whiting, H. T. A., & Newell, K. M. (1992). Free(z)ing degrees of freedom in skill acquisition. J Motor Behav, 24(1), 133–142. http://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1992.9941608
Vereijken, B., Whiting, H., & Beek, W. (1992). A Dynamical Systems Approach to Skill Acquisition. Q J Exp Psychol A, 45(2), 323–344. http://doi.org/10.1080/14640749208401329
Wagner, H., Pfusterschmied, J., Klous, M., von Duvillard, S. P., & Müller, E. (2012). Movement variability and skill level of various throwing techniques. Hum Mov Sci, 31(1), 78–90. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.05.005
Werner, S. L., Suri, M., Guido, J. A., Meister, K., & Jones, D. G. (2008). Relationships between ball velocity and throwing mechanics in collegiate baseball pitchers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 17(6), 905–908. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2008.04.002
Wheat, J. S., & Glazier, P. S. (2006). Measuring Coordination and Variability in Coordination. In K. Davids, S. Bennet, & K. Newell (Eds.), Movement System Variability (pp. 167–181). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Whiteside, D., Elliott, B. C., Lay, B., & Reid, M. (2015). Coordination and variability in the elite female tennis serve. J Sports Sci, 33(7), 675–686. http://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.962569
Wilk, K., Meister, K., Fleisig, G., & Andrews, J. R. (2000). Biomechanics of the overhead throwing motion. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev, 8(2), 124–134. http://doi.org/10.1097/00132585-200008020-00002
Wilson, C., Simpson, S. E., van Emmerik, R. E. A., & Hamill, J. (2008). Coordination variability and skill development in expert triple jumpers. Sport Biomech, 7(1), 2–9. http://doi.org/10.1080/14763140701682983
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.