Regression analysis model applied to age-group swimmers: 50m race component times analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.05Keywords:
Performance development, Competition analysis, Technique testing, FreestyleAbstract
This investigation aimed to develop a regression model of the Race Component evolution in a large sample of regional age-group Spanish swimmers in 50 m freestyle. Subjects were 280 regional swimmers selected of different club (with an age range of 9 to 22 year) and the swimmers were divided into a five competitive categories. The time spent starting (ST), the time spent stroking (STT1 - STT2), the time spent turning (TT) and the time spent finishing (FT) were used for analysis. Inverse function approximation of the partials times by aging and was carried out. Furthermore, the analysis regression of partials times and event time for age and genders were calculated respectively. It seems that the times of swimmer studied have a tendency to resemble of internationals swimmer´s times. The estimation formula applied was different time according to gender. The crossing age in the swimming partials times were about 12-14 years old. At this age begin to differentiate the performed and swim times between boys and girls.
Funding
University of Granada, Physical Education and Sports Department, Research Group “CTS-527, Physical Activity and Sports in Aquatic Environment",Downloads
References
Absaliamov, Timakovoy. (1990). Aseguramiento Científico de la Competición. (A.I. Zvonarev, Trans.).(1 ed.). (Vol.1). Moscow: Vneshtorgizdat.
Arellano R. (1991). Análisis Estadístico Básico de los Resultados Obtenidos en los Campus de Promesas Realizados en Cartagena. Consejo Superior de Deportes - Federación Española de Natación.
Arellano R, Brown P, Cappaert J, Nelson R C. (1996). Application of regression equations in the analysis of 50 and 100 m swimming races of 1992 Olympic Games. Joao Abrantes (Ed.).XIV International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. (pp. 274-276). Lisbon, Portugal.
Armstrong N & Welsman J. (2005). "Essay. Physiology of the child athlete." Medicine and Sport 366 (December): S44-S45.
Costa M, Marinho D A, Bragada J A, Silva A J, Barbosa T M. (2011). Stability of elite freestyle performance from childhood to adulthood. J. Sports Sci., August 2011; 29(11): 1183–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.587196
Hay J G, Guimaraes A C S, Grimston S K. (1983). A Quantitative Look at Swimming Biomechanics. In J.G. Hay (Ed), Starting, Stroking & Turning (A Compilation of Research on the Biomechanics of swimming, The University of Iowa, 1983-86) (pp.76-82). Iowa: Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science.
Hellard P, Caudal N, et al. (2003). Training, anthropometrics and performance relationships in French male swimmers of three age categories for 200m events. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming IX. J.C. Chatard. Saint-Etienne, Université de Saint-Etienne: 457-562.
Hopkins W G, Pike J C, & Nottle C. (2010). Overall trends and individual trajectories of swimming performance in a decade of New Zealand National Championships. In P. L. Kjendlie, R. K. Stallman, & J. Cabri (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (p. 72). Oslo: Norwegian School of Sport Science.
Johnson M B, Edmonds W A, Jain S and Cavazos J. (2009). Analyses of Elite Swimming Performances and their respective between-gender differences over time. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, Vol. 5, 4, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2202/1559-0410.1186
Malina R. M. and Bouchard C. (1991). Growth, maturation and physical activity. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics Publishers.
Manson B R. (1999). "Biomechanical Race Analysis." ASCA World Clinic: 99-114.
Mason B R and Cossor J M (2001) "Swim turn performances at the Sidney 2000 Olympic Games". Swimming section of the XIX International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports June 26th, 2001 at the University of San Francisco.
Mezzaroba P V, Machado F A. (2014) Effect of Age, Anthropometry, and Distance in Stroke Parameters of Young Swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014 Jul;9(4):702-6. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0278
Navarro F, Oca A & Castañón J. (2003). El entrenamiento del nadador joven. Gymnos. Madrid. Armstrong N & Welsman J. (2005). "Essay. Physiology of the child athlete." Medicine and Sport 366 (December): S44-S45.
Nomura T. (2006). Estimation of the lap-time of 200m freestyle from age and the event time. Revista portuguesa de ciências do desporto. Vol. 6, Supl. 2. (pp. 239-241).
Pai Y-C, Hay J G, Wilson B D. (1984). Stroking Techniques of Elite Swimmers. J. Sports Sci. (2), 225-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418408729719
Platonov V. (2005). Sport training for high-level swimmers. Sa˜o Paulo: Phorte Editions.
Sánchez J A, Arellano R. (2001). El análisis de la competición en natación: estudio de la situación actual, variables y metodología. Análisis biomecánico de la técnica en natación: Programa de control del deportista de alto nivel. R. Arellano and A. Ferro. Madrid, Consejo Superior de Deportes - Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. 32: 9-50.
Smith D J. (2003). A framework for understanding the training process leading to elite performance. J. Sports Med., 33, 1103–1126. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333150-00003
Sokolovas G. (1998). Biological maturation of swimmers. In KL Keskinen, PV Komi, AP Hollander (Eds.), Proceedings of the VIIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 315–319). Finland.
Sokolovas G, Riewald S, et al. (2001). "Undestanding physical growth and physiological development of young swimmers and the impact on training and performance." Coaches Quarterly. The Science and Art of Coaching. 7(3): 1-7.
Sokolovas G and Herr L. (2002). "Long-term training in swimming." Coaches Quarterly. The Science and Art of Coaching.USA Swimming 8(nº 2): 15-25.
Taylor S, Maclaren D et al. (2003). The effects of age, maturation and growth on tethered swimming performance. Biomechanics and medicine in swimming IX. J.C. Chatard. Saint-Etienne, Université de Saint-Etienne: 185-190.
Thayer A L and Hay J C. (1984). Motivating Start and Turn Improvement. Swimming Technique, Feb/Apr; 17-20.
Thompsom K G, Haljand R. (1997). "The secrets of competitive breastroke swimming" Swimming Time. Nov.:26-28.
Wilke K & Madsen Ø. (1986). Coaching the young swimmer. London, Pelham Books.
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.