Start performance and its relation to competition times in Paralympic swimmers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.143.14Keywords:
Coefficient of variation, Paralympic sport, Swimming starts, Force measurementsAbstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the variability of the 100m freestyle final race time to start performance in a population of Paralympic swimmers using the coefficient of variation (CV). A secondary purpose of study was to investigate the correlation between start performance and competition results in this population of athletes. A total of 321 data points were collected on start performances and 231 data points were collected from competition results. It was found that there was a within-athlete CV in final times of 2.6% and a within-athlete CV in start performances of 18.2%. These two parameters were moderately correlated having an r2 of 0.57. The athletes improved their performances across five-consecutive seasons by 6.4%. In addition, it was found that a strong correlation existed between the 5m start time compared to the final race time in the 100m freestyle (r2=0.78). The results showed that the variability of start performance was moderately correlated to the variability of the final times and there was a strong correlation between start performance and competition results.Downloads
References
Arellano, R., Brown, P., Cappaert, J. & Nelson, R. C. (1994). Analysis of 50-, 100-, and 200-m freestyle swimmers at the 1992 Olympic Games. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 10, 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.2.189
Daly, D. J., Djobova, S. K. Malone, L. A., Vanlandewijck, Y., Steadward, R. D. (2003). Swimming speed patterns and stroking variables in the Paralympics 100-m freestyle. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 20, 260-278. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.20.3.260
Daly, D. J., Malone, L. A., Smith, D. J., Vanlandewijck, Y., Steadward, R. D. (2001). The contribution of starting, turning, and finishing to total race performance in male Paralympic swimmers. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 18, 316-333. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.3.316
Dingley, A. A., Pyne, D. B., Youngson, J. & Burkett, B. (2015). Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Resistance Training Program on Strength, Power, and Swimming Performance in Paralympics Swimmers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29, 619-626. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000684
Fulton S. K., Pyne D. B., Hopkins W. G., Burkett, B. (2009). Variability and progression in competitive performance of Paralympic swimmers. Journal Sports Sciences, 27, 535–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802641418
Honda, K. E., Sinclair, P. J., Mason, B. R. & Pease, D. L. (2010). A biomechanical comparison of elite swimmers start performance using the traditional track start and the new kick start. Conference: Biomechanical and Medicine in Swimming XI, 94-96. Oslo, Norway.
Mason, B. & Cossor, J. (2000). What can we learn from competitions analysis at the 1999 Pan Pacific swimming championships? Conference: 18. International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Hong Kong, China.
Pyne, D. B., Trewin, C.B., Hopkins, W.G. (2004). Progression and variability of competitive performance of Olympic swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, 613-620. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410310001655822
Silveira, R. P., Stergiou, P., Carpes, F. P., de S. Castro, F. A., Katz, L. & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2017). Validity of a portable force platform for assessing biomechanical parameters in three different tasks. Sports Biomechanics, 16(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1213875
Silveira, R. P. Stergiou, P., Figueiredo, P., de S. Castro, F. A., Katz, L. & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2018). Key determinants of time of 5m in different ventral swimming start techniques. European Journal of Sport Science, 24, 1-10.
Tor, E., Pease, D., Ball, K. (2014). Characteristics of an elite swimming start. Conference: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming. Canberra, Australia.
Trewin, C. B., Hopkins, W. G., & Pyne, D. B. (2004). Relationship between world-ranking and Olympic performance of swimmers. Journal of Sport Sciences, 22, 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410310001641610
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
