Effects of combined exercise training on work-related burnout symptoms and psychological stress in the helping professionals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.162.16Keywords:
Occupational burnout, Workplace, Worker, Job stressAbstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eight-week Combined Exercise Training on burnout symptoms and perceived stress among workers in the helping professions. Forty-two men (46.3 ± 8.1 years) suffering from burnout were randomly allocated into an intervention (n = 21) or waitlist control (n = 21) group. The intervention group performed a combined circuit resistance training and agility training (60 min, 3d·wk-1) at a local fitness centre. At baseline and after the intervention, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale were administered. Results showed that the intervention group significantly reduced emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and perceived stress, and increased personal accomplishment (p < .001). The magnitude of the effects was large, revealing changes of crucial practical relevance. Adherence and satisfaction with the intervention were high. No significant changes were found in the control group. The findings support the evidence that Combined Exercise Training may reduce occupational burnout and psychological stress in the helping professions.
Downloads
References
American College of Sports Medicine (2018). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Wolters Kluwer.
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I.S., & Laurent, E. (2015a) Burnout-depression overlap: a review. Clinical Psychology Review 36, 28–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004
Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I.S., & Laurent, E. (2015b). Is it time to consider the “burnout syndrome” a distinct illness? Frontiers in public health, 3, 158.
Brand, S., Beck, J., Hatzinger, M., Harbaugh, A., Ruch, W., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010). Associations between satisfaction with life, burnout-related emotional and physical exhaustion, and sleep complaints. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 11(5), 744-754. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622971003624205
Bretland, R. J., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2015). Reducing workplace burnout: The relative benefits of cardiovascular and resistance exercise. PeerJ, 3, e891. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.891
Chirico, F. (2017). Is it time to consider Burnout Syndrome an occupational disease? British Journal of Psychiatry, eLetter July, 17.
Cohen, J. (1992). A Power Primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research Methods in Education (7th edition). Oxford, UK: Routledge.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
de Vries, J.D., van Hooff, M.L., Guerts, S.A.E., & Kompier, M.A.J. (2017) Exercise to reduce work-related fatigue among employees. A randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 43(4), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3634
Ekstedt, M., Söderström, M., Åkerstedt, T., Nilsson, J., Søndergaard, H.P., & Aleksander, P. (2006) Disturbed sleep and fatigue in occupational burnout. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 32(2), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.987
Eskilsson, T., Slunga Järvholm, L., Malmberg Gavelin, H., Stigsdotter Neely, A. and Boraxbekk, C.J. (2017). Aerobic training for improved memory in patients with stress-related exhaustion. A randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 17(1), 322. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1457-1
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Fischetti, F., & Greco, G. (2017). Multilateral training as an innovative didactic method to support continuous education in police. Form@re, 17(3), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.13128/formare-20801
Fischetti, F., Cataldi, S., Latino, F., & Greco, G. (2019). Effectiveness of multilateral training didactic method on physical and mental wellbeing in law enforcement. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(4proc), S900-S909. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.53
Gerber, M., Best, S., Meerstetter, F., Isoard-Gautheur, S., Gustafsson, H., Bianchi, R., ... & Brand, S. (2018). Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Athlete Burnout, Insomnia, and Polysomnographic Indices in Young Elite Athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 40(6), 312-324. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2018-0083
Gerber, M., Brand, S., Elliot, C., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., Puhse, U., & Beck, J. (2013). Aerobic exercise training and burnout: a pilot study with male participants suffering from burnout. BMC Research Notes 6, 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-78
Greco, G., & Fischetti, F. (2018). Physical, technical and tactical training and stress management in law enforcement. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(2), 555-560.
Haff, G. G., & Triplett, N. T. (Eds.). (2016). Essentials of strength training and conditioning 4th edition. Champaign, IL: Human kinetics.
Heiden, M., Lyskov, E., Nakata, M., Sahlin, K., Sahlin, T., & Barnekow-Bergkvist, M. (2007) Evaluation of cognitive behavioural training and physical activity for patients with stress-related illnesses: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 39(5), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0053
ICD-11. (2019). International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. Retrieved from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/129180281 [Accessed 8 September 2019].
Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B. J., & Butcher, J. (2005). Contributions of leisure participation in predicting stress coping and health among police and emergency response services workers. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 79-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105305048557
Kakiashvili, T., Leszek, J., & Rutkowski, K. (2013) The medical perspective on burnout. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 26(3), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-013-0093-3
Kim, W.H., Ra, Y.A., Park, J.G., & Kwon, B. (2017). Role of burnout on job level, job satisfaction, and task performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 630-645. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-11-2015-0249
Lee, E. H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004
Lennemann, L.M., Sidrow, K.M., Johnson, E.M., Harrison, C.R., Vojta, C.N., & Walker, T.B. (2013). The influence of agility training on physiological and cognitive performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27, 3300–3309. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828ddf06
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviors, 2, 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E., & Leiter, M.P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Mealer, M., Conrad, D., Evans, J., Jooste, K., Solyntjes, J., Rothbaum, B., & Moss, M. (2014) Feasibility and acceptability of a resilience training program for intensive care unit nurses. American Journal of Critical Care 23(6), e97-105. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2014747
Mohren, D.C.L., Swaen, G.M.H., Kant, I., van Amelsvoort, L.G.P.M., Borm, P.J.A., & Galama, J.M.D. (2003). Common infections and the role of burnout in a Dutch working population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 55(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00517-2
Mondo, M., Sechi, C., & Cabras, C. (2019). Psychometric evaluation of three versions of the Italian Perceived Stress Scale. Current Psychology, 1, 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-0132-8
Mutkins, E., Brown, R. F., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2011). Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support staff. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(5), 500-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01406.x
Norvell, N., & Belles, D. (1993). Psychological and physical benefits of circuit weight training in law enforcement personnel. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 61(3), 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.61.3.520
Salvagioni, D. A. J., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & de Andrade, S. M. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PloS one, 12(10), e0185781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185781
Schaufeli, W.B., & Buunk, B.P. (2003). Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In M.J. Schabracq, J.A.M. Winnubst, & C.L. Cooper (Eds.), Handbook of work and health psychology (pp. 383-342). Chicester, UK: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013400.ch19
Shirom A. (2003). Job-related burnout. In J.C. Quick, & L.E. Tetrick (Eds), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 245-265). Washington, USA: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10474-012
Sirigatti S., & Stefanile S. (1993). MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory. Firenze, IT: Organizzazioni speciali.
Soderfeldt, M., Soderfeldt, B., Ohlson, C. G., Theorell, T., & Jones, I. (2000). The impact of sense of coherence and high-demand/low-control job environment on self-reported health, burnout and psychophysiological stress indicators. Work & stress, 14(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/026783700417195
Stenlund, T., Birgander, L.S., Lindahl, B., Nilsson, L., & Ahlgren, C. (2009). Effects of Qigong in patients with burnout: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 41(9), 761-767. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0417
Stenlund, T., Nordin, M. and Jarvholm, L.S. (2012) Effects of rehabilitation programmes for patients on long-term sick leave for burnout: a 3-year follow-up of the REST study. Journal of rehabilitation medicine 44(8), 684-690. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-1003
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the american college of cardiology, 37(1), 153-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01054-8
Toker, S., Melamed, S., Berliner, S., Zeltser, D., & Shapira, I. (2012). Burnout and risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 8838 employees. Psychosomatic Medicine 74(8), 840-847. https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e31826c3174
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
