Wii Sport versus task-oriented training on gait in unilateral cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial
Keywords:
Unilateral cerebral palsy, Gait, Wii Sport training, Task-oriented trainingAbstract
Background: Unilateral cerebral palsy is a complex and heterogeneous disorder leading to a variety of functional impairment and gait disorders. Objective: To compare the effect of Wii Sport Training and Task-oriented Training on gait in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Participants and Methodology: Sixty unilateral cerebral palsy children were selected in this study after the assessment of eligibility. Their ages ranged from eight to twelve years. They were randomly assigned into three groups of equal numbers. The control group (G1) received only a guideline protocol, group (G2) received the same guideline protocol plus Wii Sport Training and group (G3) received the same guideline protocol plus Task-oriented Training (TOT) group. All groups received the treatment protocol three times / weak for four successive months. Assessment of gait by 3D motion analysis (3DMA) system pre- and post-treatment that continued four months was conducted for all groups. Results: Post-treatment, significant improvement in the percent of weight support, stride length, step length, and cadence, in control, Wii Sport Training and TOT groups in favour of TOT group, also significant decrease in the percent of swing phase in all groups in favour of TOT group (p < .05). Conclusions: Wii Sport Training and Task-oriented Training have a significant effect on gait in children with unilateral cerebral palsy in favour of Task-oriented Training group.
Downloads
References
Armand S., Decoulon G. and Bonnefoy-Mazure A. (2016): Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy. EFORT Open Rev; 1:448-60. https://doi.org/10.1302/2058-5241.1.000052
Brutsch K., Schuler T., Koenig A., Zimmerli L., Koeneke S.M. and Lunenburger L. (2010): Influence of virtual reality soccer game on walking performance in robotic assisted gait training for children. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation; 7:15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-7-15
Buchner D.M., Larson E.B. and Wagner E.H. (1996): Evidence for a nonlinear relationship between leg and gait speed. Age Ageing; 25:386-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/25.5.386
Byoung H. and Yumi K. (2013): Clinical Usefulness of Child-centered Task-oriented Training on Balance Ability in Cerebral palsy. J PhysTherSci; 25(8): 947-51. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.947
Chen L., Chen Y., Liaw Y., Chung Y., Wang J. and Hong H. (2013): Efficacy of home-based virtual cycling training on bone mineral density in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Osteoporosis Int; 24:1399-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2137-0
Dewar R., Love S. and Johnston L.M. (2015): Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol; 57:504-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.12660
Epure P. and Holte M.B. (2018): Analysis of motivation in virtual reality stroke rehabilitation. In: Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 282. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76908-0_27
Gatica R.V. and Méndez R.G. (2014): Virtual reality interface devices in the reorganization of neural networks in the brain of patients with neurological diseases. Neural Regen Res; 9:888-96. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.131612
Gatica R.V., Méndez R.G. and Guzman M.E. (2017): Does Nintendo Wii Balance Board improves standing balance? A randomized controlled trial in children with cerebral palsy.Eur J PhysRehabil Med; 53(4):535-544.
Ghai S. and Ghai I. (2019): Virtual Reality Enhances Gait in Cerebral Palsy: A Training Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Front. Neurol; 10:236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00236
Grasso R., Assaiante C., Prevost P. and Berthoz A. (1998): Development of anticipatory orienting strategies during locomotor tasks in children. NeurosciBiobehav Rev; 22(4):533-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00041-9
Han H.K. and Chung Y.J. (2016): Effects of task-oriented training for gross motor function measure, balance and gait function in persons with cerebral palsy. PhysTherRehabilSci; 5:9-14. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.1.9
Holden M.K. (2005): Virtual environments for motor rehabilitation: review. Cyberpsychology & behavior: the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society; 8 (3):187-211; discussion 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.187
Holden M.K., Dyar T.A. and Dayan L. (2010): Cimadoro, Telerehabilitation using a virtual environment improves upper extremity function in patients with stroke, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems.
Levitt S. (2018): Treatment of cerebral palsy and motor delay, 6th Ed., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford; 157-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119373902
Magill R.A. (1998): Motor learning. Concepts and applications, fifth ed. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Marshall S., Teasell R., Bayona N., Lippert C., Chundamala J. and Villamere J. (2007): Motor impairment rehabilitation post acquired brain injury. Brain Inj; 21:133-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050701201383
McFadyen B.J., Malouin F. and Dumas F. (2001): Anticipatory locomotor control for obstacle avoidance in mid-childhood aged children. Gait Posture; 13(1):7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(00)00090-4
Miller F. and Bachrach S. (2017): Cerebral Palsy: A complete guide for cargiving. 3rd edition, Part one: What is cerebral palsy. Publisher: John Hopking University Press, Baltimore; 3-28.
Ottenbacher K., Biocca Z., DeCremer G., Gevelinger M.,Jedlovec K. and Johnson M. (1986): Quantitative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Pediatric Therapy Emphasis on the Neurodevelopmental Treatment Approach. Physical therapy; 66: 1095-1101. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/66.7.1095
Pang M.Y. (2014): Task-specific and impairment-based training improve walking ability in stroke. J Physiother; 60: 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2014.05.011
Patterson K.K., Gage W.H., Brooks D., Black S.E. and McIlroy W.E. (2010): Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: a comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization. Gait Posture; 31:241-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014
Pendleton H. and Schultz-Krohn W. (2013): Pedretti's occupational therapy: Practice skills for physical dysfunction. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier.
Rensink M., Schuurmans M., Lindeman E. and Hafsteinsdóttir T. (2009): Task oriented training in rehabilitation after stroke: systematic review. J AdvNurs.65(4):737-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04925.x
Robert M.T. and Levin MF. (2018): Validation of reaching in a virtual environment in typically developing children and children with mild unilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol; Feb 10:159-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13688
Saghaei M. (2004): Random allocation software for parallel-group randomized trials. BMC Med Res Methodol; 4:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-4-26
Salbach N.M., Mayo N.E., Wood-Dauphinee S., Hanley J.A. and Richards C.L. (2004): A task-orientated intervention enhances walking distance and speed in the first year post stroke: a randomized controlled trial. ClinRehabil; 18: 509-519. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215504cr763oa
Szopa A., Szopa D. and Malgorzata C.A. (2014): Gait pattern differences in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities; 35. 2261-2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.020
Wang X. (2012): Gait analysis of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Neural Reg Res; 7:1578-84.
White D., Burdick K., Fulk G., Searleman J., and Carroll J. (2005): A virtual reality application for stroke patient rehabilitation. In: IEEE International Conference Mechatronics and Automation. Singapore; 1081-1086. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMA.2005.1626702
Yoo J.W., Lee D.R., Sim Y.J., You J.H. and Kim C.J. (2014): Effects of innovative virtual reality game and EMG biofeedback on neuromotor control in cerebral palsy. Biomed Mater Eng; 3613-8. https://doi.org/10.3233/BME-141188
You S.H., Jang S.H., Kim Y.H., Kwon Y.H., Barrow I. and Hallett M. (2005): Cortical reorganization induced by virtual reality therapy in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol; 47:628-35. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162205001234
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
