Sport and recreation musculoskeletal injuries in Irish primary school children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.162.13Keywords:
Musculoskeletal injury, Elementary school, First aid, Physical activity, ChildAbstract
Musculoskeletal injury in children can lead to negative physical, psychological and socio-economic effects. This study aimed to examine sport and recreation injury incidence in Irish primary school children. A cross-sectional survey of 842 male and female Irish primary school children (9.62 ± 1.7 years) was conducted. Parents completed a questionnaire examining estimated weekly participation in sport and recreation and any injuries sustained in the previous 12 months that resulted in restricted performance, restricted ability to fully take part in or time lost from sport, recreational activities or school. Overall, 28.3% sustained an injury in one year, of which 30% presented to their local hospital emergency department. Sports injuries (0.15 per 1000 hours) were significantly more common than recreational injuries (0.04 per 1000 hours). Contact injuries were predominant (78.4%), with falling (19.3%), running (16.9%) and tackling/being tackled (16.5%) most common. Finger/thumb and ankle injuries were most common. Knee injuries resulted in the greatest injury burden (4.77 days absent per 1000 hours of sport and recreation) and 3 in 10 injuries were referred for a scan. A multi-level approach to managing and reducing sport and recreation musculoskeletal injuries in primary school children that targets all relevant stakeholders including parents, teachers, coaches and the children themselves should be considered to promote safe play and sporting participation for children.
Downloads
References
Abernethy L and MacAuley D (2003) Impact of school sports injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine 37(4): 354–355. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.4.354
Abernethy L, MacAuley D, McNally O, et al. (2003) Immediate care of school sport injury. Injury Prevention 9(3): 270–273. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.3.270
Adirim TA and Cheng TL (2003) Overview of injuries in the young athlete. Sports Medicine 33(1): 75–81. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333010-00006
Başer M, Çoban S, Taşci S, et al. (2007) Evaluating First-aid Knowledge and Attitudes of a Sample of Turkish Primary School Teachers. Journal of Emergency Nursing 33(5): 428–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2006.11.003
Bloemers F, Collard D, Paw MCA, et al. (2012) Physical inactivity is a risk factor for physical activity-related injuries in children. British Journal of Sports Medicine 46(9): 669–674. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090546
Caine D, Maffulli N and Caine C (2008) Epidemiology of Injury in Child and Adolescent Sports: Injury Rates, Risk Factors, and Prevention. Clinics in Sports Medicine 27(1). International Perspectives: 19–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2007.10.008
Cassell EP, Finch CF and Stathakis VZ (2003) Epidemiology of medically treated sport and active recreation injuries in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia. British Journal of Sports Medicine 37(5): 405–409. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.5.405
Collard DCM, Verhagen EALM, Mechelen W van, et al. (2011) Economic burden of physical activity–related injuries in Dutch children aged 10–12. British Journal of Sports Medicine 45(13): 1058–1063. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.082545
Conn JM, Annest JL and Gilchrist J (2003) Sports and recreation related injury episodes in the US population, 1997–99. Injury Prevention 9(2): 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.2.117
Finch C (2006) A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 9(1): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.02.009
Finch C, Valuri G and Ozanne-Smith J (1998) Sport and active recreation injuries in Australia: evidence from emergency department presentations. British Journal of Sports Medicine 32(3): 220–225. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.32.3.220
Fridman L, Fraser-Thomas JL, McFaull SR, et al. (2013) Epidemiology of sports-related injuries in children and youth presenting to Canadian emergency departments from 2007–2010. Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology 5(30): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-5-30
Garcia C (1994) Gender Differences in Young Children’s Interactions When Learning Fundamental Motor Skills. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 65(3): 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1994.10607622
Harmon KJ, Proescholdbell SK, Register-Mihalik J, et al. (2018) Characteristics of sports and recreation-related emergency department visits among school-age children and youth in North Carolina, 2010–2014. Injury Epidemiology 5(23): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-018-0152-0
Knowles SB, Marshall SW and Guskiewicz KM (2006) Issues in Estimating Risks and Rates in Sports Injury Research. Journal of Athletic Training 41(2): 207–215.
Layte R and McCrory C (2011) Growing Up in Ireland National Longitudinal Study of Children: Overweight and Obesity among 9 year-olds. Available at: http://www.esri.ie/pubs/BKMNEXT211.pdf
Mummery WK, Spence JC, Vincenten JA, et al. (1998) A descriptive epidemiology of sport and recreation injuries in a population-based sample: Results from the Alberta Sport and Recreation Injury Survey (ASRIS). Canadian Journal of Public Health 89(1): 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03405796
O’Connor S, McCaffrey N, Whyte E, et al. (2016) Epidemiology of injury in male Irish secondary school adolescents in one academic year. Physiotherapy Practice and Research 37(1): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.3233/ppr-150064
O’Toole P, Butt A, Orakzai S, et al. (2008) Epidemiology of sporting and recreational injuries in a paediatric orthopaedic outpatients department. Irish Medical Journal 101(6): 173–174.
Purvis JM and Burke RG (2001) Recreational Injuries in Children: Incidence and Prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 9(6): 365–374. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200111000-00002
Rexen CT, Ersbøll AK, Wedderkopp N, et al. (2016) Longitudinal influence of musculo-skeletal injuries and extra physical education on physical fitness in schoolchildren. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 26(12): 1470–1479. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12618
van Mechelen W and Verhagen E (2005) Essay: Injury prevention in young people—time to accept responsibility. The Lancet 366: S46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67846-4
van Mechelen W, Hlobil H and Kemper HC (1992) Incidence, severity, aetiology and prevention of sports injuries. A review of concepts. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 14(2): 82–99. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199214020-00002
Wang Y and Lobstein T (2006) Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 1(1): 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477160600586747
Warburton DER, Nicol CW and Bredin SSD (2006) Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal 174(6): 801–809. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051351
Whelton H, Harrington J, Crowley E, et al. (2007) Prevalence of overweight and obesity on the island of Ireland: results from the North South Survey of Children’s Height, Weight and Body Mass Index, 2002. BMC Public Health 7: 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-187
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
