Proposal of normative values for the physical evaluation of police officers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc4.04Keywords:
Occupational health, Fitness testing, Personnel selection, Agility, Muscular strengthAbstract
Several studies have reported the application of inappropriate assessment protocols to assess physical fitness in police officers (PO) unvalidated cut-off points for this specific group were used. The aim is to propose specific normative values obtained from the application of a battery of physical tests. In addition, the contribution of age, body mass index, and waist perimeter on the results was also evaluated. We performed a descriptive-analytical study in male PO 20 to 39 years of age who participated in a promotion process. Physical fitness was evaluated with handgrip strength, agility test, the Abalakov vertical jump, and a 1000-meter run. The sample included 828 PO with a mean age of 29.90 ± 4.69 years. A percentile classification of the physical tests evaluated is presented as a proposal of normative values for this group. The mean of handgrip strength was 43.97 kg (SD = 5.64); the agility test was performed in 12.11 seconds (SD = 1.11); lower body power was 32.07 cm (SD = 4.74) and the maximum respiratory capacity estimated was 45.34 ml/kg/min (SD = 3.47). Age, body mass index and waist circumference explained 28% of the variance of the maximum respiratory capacity (p < .01). The data can be used as a reference for specific decision-making during PO assessment.
Funding
Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Sports Organization, Nuevo Leon, MexicoDownloads
References
Adams, R. (1999). Revised Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire. Canadian Family Physician, 45, 992-1005.
Araújo, A. O., Cancela, J. M., Rocha-Rodrigues, S., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2019). Association Between Somatotype Profile and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Special Police Unit. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 61(2), e51-e55. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001515
Berria, J., Daronco, L. S. E., & Bevilacqua, L. A. (2011). Aptidão motora e capacidade para o trabalho de policiais militares do batalhão de operações especiais. Salusvita, 30(2), 89-104. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-645979
Bissett, D., Bissett, J., & Snell, C. (2012). Physical agility tests and fitness standards: perceptions of law enforcement officers. Police Practice and Research, 13(3), 208-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2011.616142
Bosco, C., & Riu, J. M. P. (1994). La valoración de la fuerza con el test de Bosco (pp. 35-138). Paidotribo.
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. (2003). Fitness Assessment and Interpretation. In: 3rd ed. CSEP Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Approach (CPAFLA). Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, 7-39.
Cuerpo Nacional de Policía. (2019). Procesos Selectivos Escala Básica y Ejecutiva. https://www.policia.es/_es/tupolicia_procesos_selectivos_basicapolicia.php
De Koning, L., Merchant, A. T., Pogue, J., & Anand, S. S. (2007). Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. European Heart Journal, 28(7), 850-856. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm026
Díaz, F. J., Montano, J. G., Melchor, M. T., Guerrero, J. H. y Tovar, J. A. (2000). Validación y fiabilidad de la prueba aeróbica de 1.000 metros. Revista de Investigacion Clínica; Organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion, 52(1), 44-51. https://europepmc.org/article/med/10818810
Dominski, F. H., Crocetta, T. B., Santo, L. B. D. E., Cardoso, T. E., Da Silva, R., & Andrade, A. (2018). Police officers who are physically active and have low levels of body fat show better reaction time. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001205
Franke, W. D., Collins, S. A., & Hinz, P. N. (1998). Cardiovascular disease morbidity in an Iowa law enforcement cohort, compared with the general Iowa population. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 40(5), 441-444. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199805000-00006
Franke, W. D., Ramey, S. L., & Shelley, M. C. (2002). Relationship between cardiovascular disease morbidity, risk factors, and stress in a law enforcement cohort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44(12), 1182-1189. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200212000-00014
González De los Reyes, Y. (2008). Validity reliability and specificity of agility test. Revista UDCA Actualidad & Divulgación Científica, 11(2), 31-39. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rudca/v11n2/v11n2a05.pdf
Klein, S., Allison, D. B., Heymsfield, S. B., Kelley, D. E., Leibel, R. L., Nonas, C., Kahn, R., Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention, NAASO, The Obesity Society, American Society for Nutrition, & American Diabetes Association (2007). Waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America's Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(5), 1197-1202. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1197
Koons, K., Torrence, T., Lockie, R. G., & Dawes, J. J. (2021). Relationships between select anthropometric variables and physical fitness among male police cadets. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 11(8), 46. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol11/iss8/46
Lockie, R. G., Ruvalcaba, T. R., Stierli, M., Dulla, J. M., Dawes, J. J., & Orr, R. M. (2020). Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in law enforcement agency recruits: Relationship to performance in physical fitness tests. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(6), 1666-1675. https://doi.org/10.1519 / JSC.0000000000002825
Lockie, R. G., Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Stierli, M., Dulla, J. M., & Orjalo, A. J. (2018). Analysis of the Effects of Sex and Age on Upper- and Lower-Body Power for Law Enforcement Agency Recruits Before Academy Training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(7), 1968-1974. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002469
Losty, C., Williams, E., & Gossman, P. (2016). Police officer physical fitness to work: A case for health and fitness training. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 11(4), 455-467. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2016.114.06
Marins, E., David, G., Del Vecchio, F. (2019). Characterization of the Physical Fitness of Police Officers: A Systematic Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(10), 2860-2874. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003177
Murúa, J. A. H. (2018). Composición Corporal y Aptitud Física en Oficiales de Policías y Cadetes. Revista Mexicana de Investigación en Cultura Física y Deporte, 8(10), 72-84. https://ened.conade.gob.mx/Documentos/REVISTA%20ENED/Revista10/articulo5.pdf
Petersen, S. R., Anderson, G. S., Tipton, M. J., Docherty, D., Graham, T. E., Sharkey, B. J., & Taylor, N. A. (2016). Towards best practice in physical and physiological employment standards. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6), S47-S62. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0003
Secretaria de Gobernación. Diario Oficial de la Federación. (2013). DOF (22/01/2013). NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-043-SSA2-2012, Servicios básicos de salud. Promoción y educación para la salud en materia alimentaria. Criterios para brindar orientación. https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5285372&fecha=22/01/2013
Sörensen, L., Smolander, J., Louhevaara, V., Korhonen, O., & Oja, P. (2000). Physical activity, fitness, and body composition of Finnish police officers: a 15-year follow-up study. Occupational Medicine, 50(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/50.1.3
Štefan, L., Kasović, M., & Culej, M. (2020). Normative Values for Health-Related Physical Fitness in First-Year Police Officers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003853
Strating, M., Bakker, R. H., Dijkstra, G. J., Lemmink, K. A. P. M., & Groothoff, J. W. (2010). A job-related fitness test for the Dutch police. Occupational Medicine, 60(4), 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqq060
Taylor, N. A., Peoples, G. E., & Petersen, S. R. (2016). Load carriage, human performance, and employment standards. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(6), S131-S147. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0486
Teixeira, J., Monteiro, L. F., Silvestre, R., Beckert, J., & Massuça, L. M. (2019). Age-related influence on physical fitness and individual on-duty task performance of Portuguese male non-elite police officers. Biology of Sport, 36(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.83506
Yoo, H. L., Eisenmann, J. C., & Franke, W. D. (2009). Independent and combined influence of physical activity and perceived stress on the metabolic syndrome in male law enforcement officers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31817f9e43
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
