Compliance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization on the practice of physical activity in people over 65 years in Spain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.171.04Keywords:
Public health, Lifestyle, Aging, Walking, SportsAbstract
Purpose: Identifying whether the recommendations of the WHO regarding the amount of weekly time dedicated to the practice of PA in its different modalities are being met in the population of people over 65 in Spain. Method: This study has used data provided by 1317 interviewees aged 65 to 69 years old included in the Spanish Health Survey. Results: 19.1% of the sample said to not walk any day of the week at least 10 minutes, being the 84.2% those who did, at least, 150 minutes per week. Concerning the accomplishment of intense and moderate physical activity generally, the general or optimal recommendations for the weekly time were not satisfied. The proportion of individuals that comply the recommendations, general and optimal, of physical activity moderate were 17.4% in both cases. Those percentages, regarding intense exercise, the percentage of individuals that comply with the recommendations are reduced to 6.6% and 2.4%, for general and optimal recommendations, respectively. Conclusion: The practice of moderate and intense exercise is not within the frequent habits of people over 65 years of age, and this phenomenon could be one of the causes of the increasing health demand in this country (regardless of whether it is of a sensitive sector to get sick from the ageing process).
Downloads
References
Aragao-Santos, J. C., de Resende-Neto, A. G., Nogueira, A. C., Feitosa-Neta, M. L., Brandao, L. H., Chaves, L. M., & da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. (2019). The effects of functional and traditional strength training on different strength parameters of elderly women: A randomized and controlled trial. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(3), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08227-0
Bagrichevsky, M., & dos Santos, D. S. (2018). “Shameless” sedentarism: Individual responsibility for health? Psychology, 9(4), 760-772. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.94048
Baker, D. P., Smith, W. C., Muñoz, I. G., Jeon, H., Fu, T., Leon, J., ... Horvatek, R. (2017). The population education transition curve: Education gradients across population exposure to new health risks. Demography, 54(5), 1873-1895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0608-9
Beard, J. R., Officer, A., Araujo, I., Sadana, R., Margriet, A., Michel, J. P., … Chatterji, S. (2016). The world report on ageing and health: A policy framework for healthy ageing. The Lancet, 21(387), 2145-2154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4
Castañeda-Abascal, I. E. (2014). The theoretical framework in health research with gender approach. Revista Cubana De Salud Pública, 40(2), 249-257.
Cole, T. J., Flegal, K. M., Nicholls, D., & Jackson, A. A. (2007). Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: International survey. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.), 335(7612), 194. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39238.399444.55
Collard, R. M., Boter, H., Schoevers, R. A., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2012). Prevalence of frailty in Community‐Dwelling older persons: A systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(8), 1487-1492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x
Daly, R. (2017). Exercise and nutritional approaches to prevent frail bones, falls and fractures: An update. Climacteric, 20(2), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1286890
del Pilar, M., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., López-Liria, R., Rocamora-Pérez, P., Vargas-Muñoz, M. E., & Padilla-Góngora, D. (2017). Skills for successful ageing in the elderly: Education, well-being and health. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 986-991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.140
Gómez-Piriz, P. T., Puga-González, E., Jurado-Gilabert, R. M., & Pérez-Duque, P. (2014). Perceived quality of life and the specific physical activities by the elderly. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y El Deporte, 14(54), 227-242.
Howley, E. T. (2001). Type of activity: Resistance, aerobic and leisure versus occupational physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(6), S364-S369. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00005
Kokkinos, P., & Myers, J. (2019). Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and health: A historical perspective. In: Kokkinos, P., & Narayan, P. (eds.) Cardiorespiratory fitness in cardiometabolic diseases (pp. 1-9). New York, United States: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_1
Leirós-Rodríguez, R., Romo-Pérez, V., García-Soidán, J. L., & Soto-Rodríguez, A. (2018). Prevalence and factors associated with functional limitations during aging in a representative sample of spanish population. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 36(2-3), 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703181.2018.1449163
Leirós-Rodríguez, R., Romo-Pérez, V., Soto-Rodríguez, A., & García-Soidán, J. L. (2018). Prevalence of functional limitations during aging in a representative sample of spanish population and its relationship with body mass index. Retos-Nuevas Tendencias En Educacion Fisica Deporte Y Recreación, (34), 200-204.
Menezes, A. S., dos Santos-Silva, R. J., Tribess, S., Romo-Pérez, V., & Virtuoso-Júnior, J. S. (2015). Physical inactivity and associated factors in elderly people in Brazil. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y El Deporte, 15(60), 773-784. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2015.60.010
Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare. (2020). Statistics National Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?padre=979&capsel=979
Monteagudo, P., Cordellat, A., & Roldán, A. (2019). Effects of multicomponent exercise on metabolic health parameters in elderly. MOJ Sports Med, 3(3), 70-74.
Nelson, M. K. (2016). Family day care providers: Dilemmas of daily practice. In: Nakano, E., Chang, G., & Forcey, L. R. (eds.) Mothering: Ideology, experience, and agency (pp. 181-209). London, England: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315538891-9
Phelps, C., Madhavan, G., Rappuoli, R., Levin, S., Shortliffe, E., & Colwell, R. (2016). Strategic planning in population health and public health practice: A call to action for higher education. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(1), 109-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12182
Porras, L., Stafford, H., & Adams, N. S. (2018). Promoting physical activity. In: Daaleman, T. P., & Helton, M. R. (eds.) Chronic illness care: Principles and practice (pp. 55-69). New York, United States: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71812-5_5
Racodon, M., Peze, T., & Masson, P. (2019). Analysis of physical exercise in cardiac patients following cardiovascular rehabilitation. Acta Cardiologica, 17, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2019.1639269
Rodulfo, J. I. A. (2019). Sedentarism, a disease from XXI Century. Clínica E Investigación En Arteriosclerosis (English Edition), 31(5), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2019.04.004
Sardeli, A. V., do Carmo-Santos, L., Ferreira, M. L. V., Gáspari, A. F., Rodrigues, B., Cavaglieri, C. R., & Chacon-Mikahil, M. P. T. (2017). Cardiovascular responses to different resistance exercise protocols in elderly. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(12), 928-936. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-115737
Statistics National Institute. (2020). Health National Survey. Retrieved from: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/encuesta2017.htm
Studenski, S., Perera, S., Patel, K., Rosano, C., Faulkner, K., Inzitari, M., ... Connor, E. B. (2011). Gait speed and survival in older adults. Jama, 305(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1923
van Blarigan, E. L., Fuchs, C. S., Niedzwiecki, D., Zhang, S., Saltz, L. B., Mayer, R. J., ... Benson, A. (2018). Association of survival with adherence to the American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors after colon cancer diagnosis: The CALGB 89803/alliance trial. JAMA Oncology, 4(6), 783-790. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0126
World Health Organization. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Zheng, G., Xia, R., Zhou, W., Tao, J., & Chen, L. (2016). Aerobic exercise ameliorates cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(23), 1443-1450. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095699
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.