Where do the best technical football players in the world come from? Analysing the association between technical proficiency and geographical origin in elite football
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.172.02Keywords:
Opta, Player performance, Technical performance, Soccer, Player nationality, Performance analysis, Match analysisAbstract
Opta seasonal sum total statistics for 1,533 professional football players representing 88 nations around the world were analysed in order to determine where the most proficient technical football players originate from. A series of Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted and results revealed that South American players were significantly better at scoring the first goal (p = .044), scoring penalties (p = .034) and attempting shots (p = .018) than their European counterparts. Both European and South American players were revealed to be more adept at passing actions than their African, Asian or North American counterparts. Both South American and African players committed significantly more errors than their European, Asian or North American counterparts, with South American players more frequently apprehended by the referee than Asian players (p = .031), European players (p = .020) and North American players (p = .034). African players were revealed to be caught offside (p = .039) as well as have more unsuccessful ball touches (p = .001) and be dispossessed (p = .036) significantly more often than European players. It is concluded that a player’s geographical origin can impact their technical proficiency in football and this theme needs further investigation.
Downloads
References
Andrzejewski, M., Chmura, J., Pluta, B., Strzelczyk, R., & Kasprzak, A. (2013). Analysis of Sprinting Activities of Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2134-2140. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318279423e
Berdejo-del-Fresno, D. (2014). A Review about Futsal. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(3), 70-70. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-2-3-0
Bewick, V., Cheek, L., & Ball, J. (2004). Statistics review 10: Further nonparametric methods. Critical Care, 8(3), 196-199. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2857
Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., Butterly, R., & O'Donoghue, P. (2005). Analysis of age, stature, body mass, BMI and quality of elite soccer players from 4 European Leagues. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45(1), 58-67.
Bransen, L., & Van Haaren, J. (2019). Measuring Football Players' On-the-Ball Contributions from Passes During Games. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Vol. 11330 LNAI (Issue November, pp. 3-15). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17274-9_1
Bush, M. D., Archer, D. T., Hogg, R., & Bradley, P. S. (2015). Factors influencing physical and technical variability in the english premier league. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(7), 865-872. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0484
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Collet, C. (2013). The possession game? A comparative analysis of ball retention and team success in European and international football, 2007-2010. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(2), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.727455
Corrêa, U., Alegre, F., Freudenheim, A., Santos, S., & Tani, G. (2012). The Game of Futsal as an Adaptive Process. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 16, 185-203.
Dellal, A., Chamari, K., Wong, D. P., Ahmaidi, S., Keller, D., Barros, R., Bisciotti, G. N., & Carling, C. (2011). Comparison of physical and technical performance in European soccer match-play: Fa Premier League and La Liga. European Journal of Sport Science, 11(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2010.481334
Di Salvo, V., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Tordoff, P., & Drust, B. (2009). Analysis of High Intensity Activity in Premier League Soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(03), 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1105950
Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fradua, L., Zubillaga, A., Ford, P. R., & McRobert, A. P. (2016). Attacking and defensive styles of play in soccer: analysis of Spanish and English elite teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2195-2204. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1169309
Ferrari, S. (2017). Performance Analysis in Soccer. Potentialities and Challenges in the African Context. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.01065
Gai, Y., Leicht, A. S., Lago, C., & Gómez, M.-Á. (2019). Physical and technical differences between domestic and foreign soccer players according to playing positions in the China Super League. Research in Sports Medicine, 27(3), 314-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2018.1540005
Grossmann, B., & Lames, M. (2015). From Talent to Professional Football - Youthism in German Football. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10(6), 1103-1113. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.6.1103
Hoffmann, R., Ging, L. C., & Ramasamy, B. (2019). The Socio-Economic Determinants of International Soccer Performance. Journal of Applied Economics, 5(2), 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2002.12040579
Hughes, M., Caudrelier, T., James, N., Redwood-Brown, A., Donnelly, I., Kirkbride, A., & Duschesne, C. (2012). Moneyball and soccer - An analysis of the key performance indicators of elite male soccer players by position. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7(SPECIALISSUE.2), 402-412. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.72.06
Ingersoll, K., Malesky, E., & Saiegh, S. M. (2017). Heterogeneity and team performance: Evaluating the effect of cultural diversity in the world's top soccer league. Journal of Sports Analytics, 3(2), 67-92. https://doi.org/10.3233/jsa-170052
Jamil, M. (2019). A case study assessing possession regain patterns in English Premier League Football. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 19(6), 1011-1025. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2019.1689752
Jamil, M., Littman, P., & Beato, M. (2020). Investigating inter-league and inter-nation variations of key determinants for penalty success across European football. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(5), 892–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1794720
Jamil, M., McErlain-Naylor, S. A., & Beato, M. (2020). Investigating the impact of the mid-season winter break on technical performance levels across European football – Does a break in play affect team momentum? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(3), 406–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1753980
Jewell, T. (2014). Major league soccer in the USA. In Handbook on the Economics of Professional Football (Issue 2015, pp. 351-367). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781003176.00029
Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., Dellal, A., & Gómez, M. (2010). Game-related statistics that discriminated winning, drawing and losing teams from the Spanish soccer league. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9(2), 288-293.
Larkin, P., & Reeves, M. J. (2018). Junior-elite football: time to re-position talent identification? Soccer and Society, 19(8), 1183-1192. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1432389
Liu, H., Gómez, M. A., Gonçalves, B., & Sampaio, J. (2016). Technical performance and match-to-match variation in elite football teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(6), 509-518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1117121
Liu, H., Hopkins, W., Gómez, A. M., & Molinuevo, S. J. (2013). Inter-operator reliability of live football match statistics from OPTA Sportsdata. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(3), 803-821. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2013.11868690
Liu, H., Yi, Q., Giménez, J. V., Gómez, M. A., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2015). Performance profiles of football teams in the UEFA champions league considering situational efficiency. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(1), 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2015.11868799
Lopez Frías, F. J. (2015). La Roja: A Journey Through Spanish Football. Soccer & Society, 16(1), 149-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.812324
Mackenzie, R., & Cushion, C. (2013). Performance analysis in football: A critical review and implications for future research. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(6), 639-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.746720
Mitrotasios, M., Gonzalez-Rodenas, J., Armatas, V., & Aranda, R. (2019). The creation of goal scoring opportunities in professional soccer. Tactical differences between Spanish La Liga, English Premier League, German Bundesliga and Italian Serie A. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 19(3), 452-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2019.1618568
Moore, R., Bullough, S., Goldsmith, S., & Edmondson, L. (2014). A Systematic Review of Futsal Literature. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(3), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-2-3-8
Peeters, T. (2018). Testing the Wisdom of Crowds in the field: Transfermarkt valuations and international soccer results. International Journal of Forecasting, 34(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2017.08.002
Sapp, R., Spangenburg, E., & Hagberg, J. (2017). Trends in aggressive play and refereeing among the top five European soccer leagues. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1377911
Sarmento, H., Anguera, M. T., Pereira, A., & Araújo, D. (2018). Talent Identification and Development in Male Football: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 48(4), 907-931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0851-7
Sarmento, H., Pereira, A., Matos, N., Campaniço, J., Anguera, T. M., & Leitão, J. (2013). English Premier League, Spaińs La Liga and Italýs Seriés A - What's Different? International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(3), 773-789. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2013.11868688
Sedgwick, P. (2012). Multiple significance tests: The Bonferroni correction. BMJ (Online), 344(7841), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e509
Strutner, M., Parrish, C., & Nauright, J. (2014). Making Soccer "Major League" in the USA and Beyond: Major League Soccer's First Decade. Sport History Review, 45(1), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2012-0017
Travassos, B., Duarte, R., Vilar, L., Davids, K., & Araújo, D. (2012). Practice task design in team sports: Representativeness enhanced by increasing opportunities for action. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13), 1447-1454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.712716
Vogelbein, M., Nopp, S., & Hökelmann, A. (2014). Defensive transition in soccer - are prompt possession regains a measure of success? A quantitative analysis of German Fußball-Bundesliga 2010/2011. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(11), 1076-1083. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.879671
Zhou, C., Zhang, S., Lorenzo Calvo, A., & Cui, Y. (2018). Chinese soccer association super league, 2012-2017: key performance indicators in balance games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(4), 645-656. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1509254
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.