Development of mental education through sports to enhance adolescent personal resilience

Authors

  • Eddy Marheni Padang State University, Indonesia
  • Eko Purnomo Padang State University, Indonesia
  • Ardo Okilanda Padang State University, Indonesia
  • Irfan Oktavianus Padang State University, Indonesia
  • Burhan Hambali Indonesian University of Education, Indonesia
  • Rizki Burstiando University Nusantara PGRI Kediri, Indonesia
  • Firunika Intan Cahyani Padang State University, Indonesia
  • Nina Jermaina Padang State University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2024.192.09

Keywords:

Mental health, Personal resilience, Mental education, Sports, Youth

Abstract

Objective: Based on the problem at hand, the aim of this study was to investigate how adolescents' personal resilience is understood in the context of developing mental education through sports activities. Research Methods: This study used a quantitative research method with an experimental approach. This study used a sample of high school students (SMA) class XI which was taken by randomized sampling. The total sample of this study amounted to 50 students. Students who became the research sample were assumed to have the ability (in class XI) and the same age (average 16 years). Research results: The results show that there is an average difference between the Pre-test and Post-test physical education learning outcomes, which means that there is an average difference in students' personal resilience scores between the pre-test and post-test. These results indicate the influence of the results of mental education intervention through physical education in increasing students' personal resilience. In the implementation of the post-test, the average value is 100.3 while the average value of the post-test is 49.5, or if you look at the difference (gain) between the post-test and the pre-test of 50.4 which shows a significant result of increasing student resilience from the results of mental education interventions in sports education learning at school. Conclusion: Mental education development programs in adolescents should be tailored to the health interests of the adolescent generation. Sports clubs have the potential to be an arena for health improvement.

Funding

Directorate of Research, Technology and Community Service, Directorate General of Higher Education, Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bailey, R. (2005). Evaluating the relationship between physical education, sport and social inclusion. Educational Review, 57(1), 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013191042000274196

Biddle, S. J. H., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 886-895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185

Bissett, J. E., Kroshus, E., & Hebard, S. (2020). Determining the role of sport coaches in promoting athlete mental health: A narrative review and Delphi approach. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000676

Bond, L., Butler, H., Thomas, L., Carlin, J., Glover, S., Bowes, G., & Patton, G. (2007). Social and School Connectedness in Early Secondary School as Predictors of Late Teenage Substance Use, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(4), 357.e9-357.e18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.013

Brewer, M. L., van Kessel, G., Sanderson, B., Naumann, F., Lane, M., Reubenson, A., & Carter, A. (2019). Resilience in higher education students: a scoping review. Higher Education Research and Development, 38(6), 1105-1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1626810

Chang, C. J., Putukian, M., Aerni, G., Diamond, A. B., Hong, E. S., Ingram, Y. M., Reardon, C. L., & Wolanin, A. T. (2020). American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement: Mental Health Issues and Psychological Factors in Athletes: Detection, Management, Effect on Performance, and Prevention-Executive Summary. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 30(2), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000799

Chapman, L., Rose, K., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. (2022). "I want to fit in… but I don't want to change myself fundamentally": A qualitative exploration of the relationship between masking and mental health for autistic teenagers. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 99(102069), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102069

Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new Resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113

Contreras-Osorio, F., Campos-Jara, C., Martínez-Salazar, C., Chirosa-Ríos, L., & Martínez-García, D. (2021). Effects of sport-based interventions on children's executive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Sciences, 11(6), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060755

Corcoran, J. (2016). Teenage pregnancy and mental health. Societies, 6(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc6030021

Donohue, B., Gavrilova, E., Strong, M., & Allen, D. N. (2020). A sport-specific optimization approach to mental wellness for youth in low-income neighborhoods. European Physical Education Review, 26(3), 695-712. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X20905324

Endrianto, E. (2019). Peran Olahraga dalam Pembentukan Karakter Mahasiswa di Akamigas Balongan Indramayu. Syntax Idea, 1(7), 50-59.

Farquhar, J., Kamei, R., & Vidyarthi, A. (2018). Strategies for enhancing medical student resilience: student and faculty member perspectives. International Journal of Medical Education, 9, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5a46.1ccc

Gerber, M., Brand, S., Feldmeth, A. K., Lang, C., Elliot, C., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2013). Adolescents with high mental toughness adapt better to perceived stress: A longitudinal study with Swiss vocational students. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(7), 808-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.003

Gilligan, R. (2000). Adversity, resilience and young people: The protective value of positive school and spare time experiences. Children and Society, 14(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2000.tb00149.x

Gorczynski, P., Currie, A., Gibson, K., Gouttebarge, V., Hainline, B., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Mountjoy, M., Purcell, R., Reardon, C. L., Rice, S., & Swartz, L. (2021). Developing mental health literacy and cultural competence in elite sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(4), 387-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1720045

Gray, P. (2015). Declining Student Resilience: A Serious Problem for Colleges. Psychology Today, 1-6.

Hallal, P. C., Victora, C. G., Azevedo, M. R., & Wells, J. C. K. (2006). Adolescent physical activity and health: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 36(12), 1019-1030. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636120-00003

Haris, F., Taufan, J., & Nelson, S. (2021). Peran Guru Olahraga bagi Perkembangan Pendidikan Jasmani Adaptif di Sekolah Luar Biasa. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(5), 3883-3891. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i5.1469

Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 76(April), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039

Ilham, E. L., Kirimoglu, H., & Cokluk, G. F. (2013). The Effect of Special Physical Education and Sports Program on the Quality of Life of the Children With Mental Retardation. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences, 7(1), 1-8.

Jakobsson, B. T. (2014). What makes teenagers continue?: A salutogenic approach to understanding youth participation in Swedish club sports. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19(3), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.754003

Jakobsson, B. T., & Lundvall, S. (2021). Learn, have fun and be healthy! an interview study of swedish teenagers' views of participation in club sport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136852

Lereya, S. T., Humphrey, N., Patalay, P., Wolpert, M., Böhnke, J. R., Macdougall, A., & Deighton, J. (2016). The student resilience survey: Psychometric validation and associations with mental health. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 10(44), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-016-0132-5

Liddle, S. K., Deane, F. P., & Vella, S. A. (2017). Addressing mental health through sport: a review of sporting organizations' websites. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 11(2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12337

Lin, Y., Mutz, J., Clough, P. J., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2017). Mental toughness and individual differences in learning, educational and work performance, psychological well-being, and personality: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(AUG), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01345

Mahoney, J. W., Gucciardi, D. F., Ntoumanis, N., & Mallet, C. J. (2014). Mental toughness in sport: Motivational antecedents and associations with performance and psychological health. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(3), 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0260

Mesman, E., Vreeker, A., & Hillegers, M. (2021). Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents: An update of the recent literature and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 34(6), 586-592. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000741

Moesch, K., Kenttä, G., Kleinert, J., Quignon-Fleuret, C., Cecil, S., & Bertollo, M. (2018). FEPSAC position statement: Mental health disorders in elite athletes and models of service provision. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.05.013

Morrison, G. M., & Allen, M. R. (2007). Promoting student resilience in school contexts. Theory into Practice, 46(2), 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840701233172

Mustafa, P. S. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian Dalam Pendidikan Olahraga.

Parent, S., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., & Gillard, A. (2021). Interpersonal Violence (IV) in Sport and Mental Health Outcomes in Teenagers. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 46(4), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235211043652

Peck, S. C., Roeser, R. W., Zarrett, N., & Eccles, J. S. (2008). Exploring the Roles of Extracurricular Activity Quantity and Quality in the Educational Resilience of Vulnerable Adolescents: Variable- and Pattern-Centered Approaches. Bone, 23(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00552.x

Rahadian, A., & Ma'mun, A. (2018). Kebijakan Olahraga Dalam Pemerintahan Lokal: Sebuah Penelitian dalam Merumuskan Rancangan Induk Pembangunan Olahraga Nasional. Proseding Seminar Pendidikan Jasmani - Fpok UPI, 23-24.

Ramirez-Granizo, I. A., Sánchez-Zafra, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Puertas-Molero, P., González-Valero, G., & Ubago-Jiménez, J. L. (2020). Multidimensional self-concept depending on levels of resilience and the motivational climate directed towards sport in schoolchildren. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020534

Rao, A. L., Asif, I. M., Drezner, J. A., Toresdahl, B. G., & Harmon, K. G. (2015). Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes: A 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database. Sports Health, 7(5), 452-457. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738115587675

Richards, J., & Foster, C. (2013). Sport for development interventions: Whom do they reach and what is their potential for impact on physical and mental health in low-income Countries? Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 10(7), 929-931. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.7.929

Richards J, Foster C, Townsend N, & Bauman A. (2014). Physical fitness and mental health impact of a sport-for-development intervention in a post-conflict setting: randomised. BMC Public Health, 14(619), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-619

Robbins, A., Kaye, E., & Catling, J. C. (2018). Predictors of student resilience in higher education. Psychology Teaching Review, 24(1), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2018.24.1.44

Rodrigues, A., Ii, B., Fátima, M. De, Aguiar, A., Ii, C., Silva, M., Ii, A., & Estadual, U. (2018). Mental health as a dimension for the care of teenagers. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 71(5), 2087-2093. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0192

Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sánchez, C., Estévez-López, F., Muñoz, N. E., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Migueles, J. H., Molina-García, P., Henriksson, H., Mena-Molina, A., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Catena, A., Löf, M., Erickson, K. I., Lubans, D. R., Ortega, F. B., & Esteban-Cornejo, I. (2019). Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in the Mental Health of Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 49(9), 1383-1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5

Rusdin, R., Salahudin, S., & Irawan, E. (2022). Peran Olahraga Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Islami Mahasiswa Di Stkip Taman Siswa Bima. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8(3), 2576-2583. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v8i3.3808

Saǧkal, A. S., & Özdemir, Y. (2019). Strength-based parenting and adolescents' psychological outcomes: The role of mental toughness. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 29(2), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2019.2

Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2013). How should we measure psychological resilience in sport performers? Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 17(4), 264-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2013.805141

Scheerder, J., Taks, M., & Lagae, W. (2007). Teenage girls' participation in sports. An intergenerational analysis of socio-cultural predictor variables. European Journal for Sport and Society, 4(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2007.11687800

Schinke, R. J., Cole Giffin, Cosh, S., Douglas, K., & Rhind, D. (2016). International Society of Sport Psychology Position Stand: Mental Health Through Occupational Health and Safety in High Performance Sport. School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, 6, 1-10.

Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. B., Si, G., & Moore, Z. (2018). International society of sport psychology position stand: Athletes' mental health, performance, and development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(6), 622-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2017.1295557

Sebbens, J., Hassmén, P., Crisp, D., & Wensley, K. (2016). Mental Health In Sport (MHS): Improving the early intervention knowledge and confidence of elite sport staff. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(JUN), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00911

Shanahan, D. F., Burt, T. A., Barber, E. A., Brymer, E., Cox, D. T. C., Dean, J., Depledge, M., Fuller, R. A., Hartig, T., Irvine, K. N., Jones, A., Kikillus, H., Lovell, R., & Mitchell, R. (2019). Nature and Wellbeing : The Purpose , the People and the Outcomes. Sports, 7(141), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7060141

Singh, K., & Yu, X. (2010). Psychometric Evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Sample of Indian Students. Journal of Psychology, 1(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09764224.2010.11885442

Slingerland, K. J. Van, Durand-Bush, N., Bradley, L., Goldfield, G., Archambault, R., Smith, D., Edwards, C., Delenardo, S., Taylor, S., Werthner, P., & Kenttä, G. (2019). Canadian Centre for Mental Health and Sport (CCMHS) Position Statement: Principles of Mental Health in Competitive and High-Performance Sport. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 29(3), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000665

Stepanchenko, N. I., & Briskin, Y. A. (2018). Dispositional factors of personality professional development of the future teachers of physical education and sport. Physical Education of Students, 23(4), 202-208. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0407

Strandbu, Å., Bakken, A., & Stefansen, K. (2020). The continued importance of family sport culture for sport participation during the teenage years. Sport, Education and Society, 25(8), 931-945. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2019.1676221

Swann, C., Telenta, J., Draper, G., Liddle, S., Fogarty, A., Hurley, D., & Vella, S. (2018). Youth sport as a context for supporting mental health: Adolescent male perspectives. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.008

Tan, Q., & Shao, W. (2021). Investigation on Health Promotion by the Typical Sports for Teenagers with Self-Efficacy and Sports Commitment Questionnaires. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8677182

Tempski, P., Santos, I. S., Mayer, F. B., Enns, S. C., Perotta, B., Paro, H. B. M. S., Gannam, S., Peleias, M., Garcia, V. L., Baldassin, S., Guimaraes, K. B., Silva, N. R., Navarro Da Cruz, E. M. T., Tofoli, L. F., Silveira, P. S. P., & Martins, M. A. (2015). Relationship among medical student resilience, educational environment and quality of life. PLoS ONE, 10(6), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131535

Tessier, D., Sarrazin, P., & Ntoumanis, N. (2010). The effect of an intervention to improve newly qualified teachers' interpersonal style, students motivation and psychological need satisfaction in sport-based physical education. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), 242-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.05.005

Thompson, H. S. C., Bugler, M., Robinson, J., Clough, P., McGeown, S. P., & Perry, J. (2015). Mental toughness in education: exploring relationships with attainment, attendance, behaviour and peer relationships. Educational Psychology, 35(7), 886-907. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.895294

Toktas, S. (2019). Examining the Levels of Forgiveness and Psychological Resilience of Teacher Candidates. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(4), 241. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i4.4122

Tomporowski, P. D., Lambourne, K., & Okumura, M. S. (2011). Physical activity interventions and children's mental function: An introduction and overview. Preventive Medicine, 52(SUPPL.), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.028

Vealey, R. S. (2012). Mental Skills Training in Sport. Handbook of Sport Psychology: Third Edition, 285-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118270011.ch13

Vella, S. A., Swann, C., Batterham, M., Boydell, K. M., Eckermann, S., Ferguson, H., Fogarty, A., Hurley, D., Liddle, S. K., Lonsdale, C., Miller, A., Noetel, M., Okely, A. D., Sanders, T., Schweickle, M. J., Telenta, J., & Deane, F. P. (2021). An Intervention for Mental Health Literacy and Resilience in Organized Sports. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(1), 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002433

Wylleman, P. (2019). An organizational perspective on applied sport psychology in elite sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.01.008

Yook, Y. S., Kang, S. J., & Park, I. K. (2017). Effects of physical activity intervention combining a new sport and mindfulness yoga on psychological characteristics in adolescents. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(2), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2015.1069878

Zolkoski, S. M., Bullock, L. M., & Gable, R. A. (2016). Factors associated with student resilience: Perspectives of graduates of alternative education programs. Preventing School Failure, 60(3), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2015.1101677

Development of mental education through sports to enhance adolescent personal resilience

Downloads

Statistics

Statistics RUA

Published

2023-12-26

How to Cite

Marheni, E., Purnomo, E., Okilanda, A., Oktavianus, I., Hambali, B., Burstiando, R., Cahyani, F. I., & Jermaina, N. (2023). Development of mental education through sports to enhance adolescent personal resilience. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 19(2), 536–549. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2024.192.09

Issue

Section

Articles