Prediction of 10 km running time by physical and training characteristics in recreational runners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2024.191.17Keywords:
Performance analysis, Exercise, Mini-marathon, Sports performance, Race time, Training distance, Sport healthAbstract
Running is a common exercise that many people perform as their leisure activity. With increasing numbers of recreational runners, understanding the associations between physical and training characteristics and running time would provide useful knowledge for improving running performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether physical and training characteristics correlated with running time in recreational runners. Sixty recreational runners participated in this study. They were requested to run 10 km on track and provide details of their physical and weekly training characteristics. Relationships between physical and training characteristics and running time were analysed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and the influence of the physical and training characteristics on the running time was tested by using multiple regression. Results showed that running time was significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI; r = 0.275), training day (r = -0.583), training distance (r = -0.605), training duration (r = -0.446), running experience (r = -0.275), and numbers of participation in mini-marathon race (r = -0.311). These variables could predict 57% of variances in the running time. Among all variables, the weekly training distance showed the greatest effect on running time. It can be concluded that physical and training characteristics contributed to the changes in running time. With long distance and more days of weekly training, recreational runners would achieve a shorter running time. Furthermore, increasing the years of experiences and numbers of running races would provide beneficial effect on running performance.
Funding
Faculty of Allied Health Science Research Fund, Contract No. AHSRS 5/2565Downloads
References
Bale, P., Bradbury, D., & Colley, E. (1986). Anthropometric and training variables related to 10km running performance. Br J Sports Med, 20(4), 170-173. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.20.4.170
Billat, L. V. (2001). Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part I: aerobic interval training. Sports Med, 31(1), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131010-00002
Boullosa, D., Esteve-Lanao, J., Casado, A., Peyré-Tartaruga, L. A., Gomes da Rosa, R., & Del Coso, J. (2020). Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners. Sports, 8(3), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8030035
Casado, A., González-Mohíno, F., González-Ravé, J. M., & Foster, C. (2022). Training Periodization, Methods, Intensity Distribution, and Volume in Highly Trained and Elite Distance Runners: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 17(6), 820-833. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0435
Feito, Y., & Fountaine, C. (2022). General Prociples of Exercise Prescription. In ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (11 ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Fokkema, T., van Damme, A., Fornerod, M. W. J., de Vos, R. J., Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M. A., & van Middelkoop, M. (2020). Training for a (half-)marathon: Training volume and longest endurance run related to performance and running injuries. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 30(9), 1692-1704. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13725
Friedrich M., Rüst, C. A., Rosemann, T., Knechtle, P., Barandun, U., Lepers, R., & Knechtle, B. (2014). A Comparison of Anthropometric and Training Characteristics between Female and Male Half-Marathoners and the Relationship to Race Time. Asian J Sports Med, 5(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34175
Hagan, R. D., Upton, S. J., Duncan, J. J., & Gettman, L. R. (1987). Marathon performance in relation to maximal aerobic power and training indices in female distance runners. Br J Sports Med, 21(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.21.1.3
Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., Rosemann, T., & Lepers, R. (2011). Personal Best Marathon Time and Longest Training Run, Not Anthropometry, Predict Performance In Recreational 24-hour Ultrarunners. J Strength Cond Res 25, 2212-2218. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f6b0c7
Kozlovskaia, M., Vlahovich, N., Rathbone, E., Manzanero, S., Keogh, J., & Hughes, D. C. (2019). A profile of health, lifestyle and training habits of 4720 Australian recreational runners-The case for promoting running for health benefits. Health Promot J Austr, 30(2), 172-179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.30
Midgley, A. W., McNaughton, L. R., & Jones, A. M. (2007). Training to enhance the physiological determinants of long-distance running performance: can valid recommendations be given to runners and coaches based on current scientific knowledge? Sports Med, 37(10), 857-880. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737100-00003
Nikolaidis, P. T., & Knechtle, B. (2023). Participation and performance characteristics in half-marathon run: a brief narrative review. J Muscle Res Cell Motil, 44(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-022-09633-1
Rüst, C., Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., Barandun, U., Lepers, R., & Rosemann, T. (2011). Predictor variables for a half marathon race time in recreational male runners. Open Access J Sports Med, 2, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S23027
Saunders, P. U., Pyne, D. B., Telford, R. D., & Hawley, J. A. (2004). Factors Affecting Running Economy in Trained Distance Runners. Sports Med, 34(7), 465-485. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434070-00005
Shipway, R., & Holloway, I. (2010). Running free: Embracing a healthy lifestyle through distance running. Perspectives in Public Health, 130(6), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913910379191
Tanda, G. (2011). Prediction of marathon performance time on the basis of training indices. J Hum Sport Exerc, Volume 6, pag. 521-520. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2011.63.05
Tanda, G. (2015). Effects of training and anthropometric factors on marathon and 100 km ultramarathon race performance. Open Access J Sports Med, 6. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S80637
Tanda, G., & Knechtle, B. (2013). Marathon performance in relation to body fat percentage and training indices in recreational male runners. Open Access J Sports Med, 4, 141-149. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S44945
Yamaguchi, A., Shouji, M., Akizuki, A., Inoue, K., Fukuie, T., Sakuma, K., & Morita, I. (2022). Interactions between monthly training volume, frequency and running distance per workout on marathon time. Eur J Appl Physiol, 123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05062-7
Zillmann, T., Knechtle, B., Rüst, C. A., Knechtle, P., Rosemann, T., & Lepers, R. (2013). Comparison of training and anthropometric characteristics between recreational male half-marathoners and marathoners. Chin J Physiol, 56(3), 138-146. https://doi.org/10.4077/cjp.2013.Bab105
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 University of Alicante
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.