Men's triathlon correlation between stages and final result in the London 2012 Olympic Games
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.Proc2.35Keywords:
Olympic triathlon, Olympic Games, Stages, Competition rules, Game rules, Combined eventsAbstract
Introduction: Triathlon is a sport that combines three different disciplines. The most widespread triathlon is the Olympic modality, which is used in the Olympic Games, consisting of swimming 1.5 km, cycling 40 km and running 10 km. Aims: To determine the influence of the duration and order of the different stages on the final result of the men’s triathlon race in London 2012 Olympic Games. Method: Data from 54 athletes who finished was analysed. Results and conclusions: The final result is not determined neither by the order of the stages, nor by their duration, the least influential discipline being Bike without correlation with result; however being the most time consuming, 53.76%; the most influential stage was Run with rs = 0.913; and p = 0.000; and R2 =0 .833, with 28.93% duration.Downloads
References
Abbiss, C. R., & Laursen, P. B. (2008). Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Medicine, 38(3), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838030-00004
Atkinson, G., & Brunskill, A. (2000). Pacing strategies during a cycling time trial with simulated headwinds and tailwinds. Ergonomics, 43(10), 1449-1460. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300750003899
Bentley, D. J., Millet, G. P., Vleck, V. E., & McNaughton, L. R. (2002). Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon - Implications for physiological analysis and performance. Sports Medicine, 32(6), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232060-00001
Bentley, D. J., Wilson, G. J., Davie, A. J., & Zhou, S. (1998). Correlations between peak power output, muscular strength and cycle time trial performance in triathletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38(3), 201-207.
Bernard, T., Hausswirth, C., Le Meur, Y., Bignet, F., Dorel, S., & Brisswalter, J. (2009). Distribution of Power Output during the Cycling Stage of a Triathlon World Cup. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(6), 1296-1302. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318195a233
Bonacci, J., Vleck, V., Saunders, P. U., Blanch, P., & Vicenzino, B. (2013). Rating of perceived exertion during cycling is associated with subsequent running economy in triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(1), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.04.002
Dallam, G. M., Jonas, S., & Miller, T. K. (2005). Medical considerations in triathlon competition - Recommendations for triathlon organisers, competitors and coaches. Sports Medicine, 35(2), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535020-00004
Etxebarria, N., D'Auria, S., Anson, J. M., Pyne, D. B., & Ferguson, R. A. (2014). Variability in Power Output During Cycling in International Olympic-Distance Triathlon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 732-734. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0303
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2012). ABFR-Index: correlación entre producción científica y Juegos Olímpicos 2008. Habilidad Motriz, 38, 51-57. doi: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/29518
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2013). Modelo matemático de ley de potencias aplicado al maratón. Habilidad Motriz, 41, 12-20. doi: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/29518
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2014). ABFR-Index: correlation between "soccer" scientific production and ranking. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 14(56), 705-718. doi: Http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista56/artABFR506.htm
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2017). Correlation between phases and final result in Men's triathlon competition at the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000. Retos-Nuevas Tendencias En Educacion Fisica Deporte Y Recreacion(32), 167-171. doi: http://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/download/52952/33666
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B. (2018). Infographic. Correlation between phases and final result in Men's triathlon competition at the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000. British Journal of Sports Medicine(Accepted). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099225
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B., Espejo-Garcés, T., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., & Chacón-Cuberos, R. (2018). Men's triathlon correlation between the phases and the final result in the Olympic Games in Athens 2004. Journal of Sport and Health Research(Accepted).
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B., Robles, A., Dafos, J., Soto, V. M., Perez-Cortes, A. J., Latorre, P., . . . Romero, C. (2009). Physical activity: Evaluation of research in Spain. Gaceta sanitaria, 23, 204-204.
Fernandez-Revelles, A. B., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., Padial-Ruz, R., Castro-Sánchez, M., Viciana-Garófano, V., & Puertas-Molero, P. (2018). Men's triathlon correlation between the phases and result in the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008. SPORT TK Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte(Accepted).
Hausswirth, C., & Brisswalter, J. (2008). Strategies for Improving Performance in Long Duration Events Olympic Distance Triathlon. Sports Medicine, 38(11), 881-891. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838110-00001
Hausswirth, C., Le Meur, Y., Bieuzen, F., Brisswalter, J., & Bernard, T. (2010). Pacing strategy during the initial phase of the run in triathlon: influence on overall performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(6), 1115-1123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1322-0
Hue, O. (2011). The Challenge of Performing Aerobic Exercise in Tropical Environments: Applied Knowledge and Perspectives. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(4), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.4.443
ITU International Triathlon Union. (2017a). ITU Competition Results. Retrieved 9-09, 2016, from http://www.triathlon.org/results
ITU International Triathlon Union. (2017b, Mayo-2017). ITU Competition Rules. Retrieved 9-09, 2016, from http://www.triathlon.org/about/documents
Jaenes Sánchez, J. C., Peñaloza Gómez, R., Navarrete Dueñas, K. G., & Bohórquez Gómez-Millán, M. R. (2012). Ansiedad y autoconfianza precompetitiva en triatletas. Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte, 7(1), 113-124.
Jeukendrup, A. E., Jentjens, R., & Moseley, L. (2005). Nutritional considerations in triathlon. Sports Medicine, 35(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535020-00005
Johnson, E. C., Pryor, J. L., Casa, D. J., Belval, L. N., Vance, J. S., DeMartini, J. K., . . . Armstrong, L. E. (2015). Bike and run pacing on downhill segments predict Ironman triathlon relative success. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.001
Kerr, C. G., Trappe, T. A., Starling, R. D., & Trappe, S. W. (1998). Hyperthermia during Olympic triathlon: influence of body heat storage during the swimming stage. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(1), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199801000-00014
Le Meur, Y., Bernard, T., Dorel, S., Abbiss, C. R., Honnorat, G., Brisswalter, J., & Hausswirth, C. (2011). Relationships Between Triathlon Performance and Pacing Strategy During the Run in an International Competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(2), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.2.183
Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Dorel, S., Bignet, F., Brisswalter, J., & Bernard, T. (2009). Influence of gender on pacing adopted by elite triathletes during a competition. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(4), 535-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1043-4
Le Meur, Y., Hausswirth, C., Natta, F., Couturier, A., Bignet, F., & Vidal, P. P. (2013). A multidisciplinary approach to overreaching detection in endurance trained athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(3), 411-420. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01254.2012
Leruite, M., Morente-Sánchez, J., Martos, P., Girela, M. J., & Zabala, M. (2016). Analysis of the Sporting Context of Spanish Female Competitive Cyclists and Triathletes. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 16(64), 667-684.
Méndez-Giménez, A., & Fernández-Río, J. (2011). Análisis y modificación de los juegos y deportes tradicionales para su adecuada aplicación en el ámbito educativo. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 19, 54-58.
Millet, G. P., & Vleck, V. E. (2000). Physiological and biomechanical adaptations to the cycle to run transition in Olympic triathlon: review and practical recommendations for training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(5), 384-390. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.5.384
Nacke, L. E., Bateman, C., & Mandryk, R. L. (2011). BrainHex: Preliminary Results from a Neurobiological Gamer Typology Survey. In J. Anacleto, S. Fels, N. Graham, B. Kaparalos, M. S. ElNasr, & K. Stanley (Eds.), Entertainment Computing - Icec 2011 (Vol. 6972, pp. 288-293). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24500-8_31
Noakes, T. D. (2007). Drinking guidelines for exercise: What evidence is there that athletes should drink ''as much as tolerable'', ''to replace the weight lost during exercise'' or ''ad libitum''? Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7), 781-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600875036
Peeling, P., & Landers, G. (2009). Swimming intensity during triathlon: A review of current research and strategies to enhance race performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(10), 1079-1085. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903081878
Ramos-Campo, D. J., Martínez, F., Esteban, P., Rubio-Arias, J. A., & Jiménez, J. F. (2016). Intermittent hypoxic training and cycling performance in triathletes. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 16(61), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.61.011
Rivas, L. G., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Norte-Navarro, A., Cejuela, R., Cabanas, M. D., & Martinez-Sanz, J. M. (2015). Body composition and somatotype in university triathletes. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 32(2), 799-807. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.2.9142
Tondello, G. F., Wehbe, R. R., Diamond, L., Busch, M., Marczewski, A., Nacke, L. E., & Acm. (2016). The Gamification User Types Hexad Scale. Chi Play 2016: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1145/2967934.2968082
Zapico, A. G., Benito, P. J., Diaz, V., Ruiz, J. R., & Calderon, F. J. (2014). Heart rate profile in highly trained triathletes. Revista Internacional De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica Y Del Deporte, 14(56), 619-632. doi: Http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista56/artperfil505.htm
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
