Analysis of the Physical Efficiency Index in football teams and correlation with goal events: A survey of the Italian Serie A Championship
Keywords:
Match analysis, Key performance indicators, Technical efficiency index, Performance model, Goal actionsAbstract
This paper is centred on the Match Analysis (MA) of football that nowadays is a fundamental tool in the elite level. The MA is the objectively analysis of matches using hardware and software that help the coaching staff to evaluate the performance of the single athlete and the entire team in order to define the Performance Model (PM). Soccer is a nonlinear dynamical system that required a specific mathematical analysis to investigate the relevance of the main key performance indicators (KPIs). Following this issue in 2011, Mirko Marcolini the CEO of K-Sport Universal (Montelabbate, Italy) has registered a patent (IB2010/002593, approved on April 28, 2011 by World Intellectual Property Organization) proposing a new MA approach, based on probability theory, setting as independent variables some KPIs (passes; ball speed; ball trajectory; distance between the holder players, the teammates, the opponents and the fitness ability) provided by the video-tracking and gained using a specific software, in order to analyse the final outcome of a match. From Marcolini formulas is possible to define the technical efficiency index (TEI) and physical efficiency index (PEI), both two percentage parameters (considering as 0%, the worst efficiency and 100% the maximum efficiency). The aim of this study, was to analyse the TA-PEI during goal actions in order to objectively define if the physical performance is correlated with goal events. Where examined a full season of one team, using video-tracking on 38 games from the 2015/2016 Italian Serie A, and calculated the TA-PEI during goal events for both teams. During this survey, 92 goals were scored, and 184 TA-PEI were collected. For each realization, the TA-PEI was examined, both by the finalizing team and for the team that suffered the goal. On 38 Matches four, two from the first round and two from the second round, ended without goal, end were not considered in the research. The TA-PEI is a resultant variable of different parameters and is certainly a tool that facilitates the task of the match analyst. In this research, attention was focused on the TA-PEI in the goal event, and it establishes the reliability of this parameter. An important update to this study can be the complete analysis of all matches of a championship from different countries or league, in order to receive more different data less affected by causality and errors, and to study if between years or nations there are different or specific trends. Also analysing with the same method, the TA-PEI during all match and not only during goal events can be relevant and useful. In conclusion the TA-PEI is certainly an interesting and valid parameter, from which the results can be used to objectivate and to improve the performance of the team, in an accurate way following the real performance model and help the coaching staff to receive more specific information during crucial moments of matches.Downloads
References
Barnes C., Archer D. T., Hogg B., Bush M. and Bradley P. S. (2014). The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English premier league, International Journal of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0172-4622. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1375695
Altavilla, G., Mazzeo, F., D’Elia, F. and Raiola, G. (20180. Physical commitment and specific work for each role in an elite soccer team, Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18 (2), 570-574.
Barros, R., Misuta, M., Menezes, R., Figueroa, P., Moura, F., Cunha, S., and Leite, N. (2007). Analysis of the distances covered by Erst division Brazilian soccer players obtained with an automatic tracking method. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6(2), 233–242.
Castellano, J., Blanco-Villasen A.and lvarez, D. (2011). Contextual variables and time-motion analysis in soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(6), 415–421. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1271771
Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Gonza´ lez-Haro, C., Gormasz, C., Pigozzi, F. and Bachl, N. (2007). Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches. Journal of Sports Science, 28(14), 1489–1494. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.521166
Filetti, C., Ruscello, B., D’Ottavio, S., and Fanelli, V. (2017). Relationships among Technical, Tactical, Physical Parameters and Final Outcomes in Elite Soccer Matches as Analyzed by a Semiautomatic Video Tracking System. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 124(3) 601–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512517692904
Garcia, J. D., Roma´ n, I. R., Calleja-Gonza´ lez, J., and Dellal, A. (2014). Quantificationand analysis of offensive situations in different formats of sided games in soccer. Journal of Human Kinetics, 30(44), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0125
Glazier, P.S. (2010). Game, set and match? Substantive issues and future directions in performance analysis. Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(8), 626–634. https://doi.org/10.2165/11534970-000000000-00000
Gregson, W., Drust, B., Atkinson, G., and Di Salvo, V. (2010). Match-to-match variability of high-speed activities in Premier League Soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(4), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247546
Izzo, R., Hosseini Varde’I C., Raiola, G., and Santinelli, F. (2019). Player Performance Model, comparison between youth professional (U-21) and professional first team football players: Different external load or not? Supplementary Issue: Spring Conferences of Sports Science. Costa Blanca Sports Science Events, 14-15 June 2019. Alicante, Spain. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.proc4.61
Lago-Penas, C. and Dellal, A. (2010). Ball possession strategies in elite soccer according to the evolution of the match-score: The influence of situational variables. Journal of Human Kinetics, 25, 93–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-010-0036-z
Lago-Penas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J. and Rey, E. (2011). Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League. Journal of Human Kinetics, 27, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0011-3
Rampinini, E., Coutts, A., Castagna, C., Sassi, R. and Impellizzeri, F. (2007). Variation in top level soccer match performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(12), 1018–1024. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965158
Sarmento, H., Marcelino, R., Teresa, A. M., Campanic,o, J., Matos, N., and Leitao, J. C. (2014). Match analysis in football: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1831–1843. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.898852
Vigne, G., Gaudino, C., Rogowski, I., Alloatti, G., and Hautier, C. (2010). Activity proEle in Elite Italian Soccer Team. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(5), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1248320
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
