Visualisation and goal-setting in footballers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2016.112.01Keywords:
Football, Psychological techniques, Visualisation, Goal-Setting, QuestionnairesAbstract
The footballer needs to utilise useful psychological tools along his/her sports career. The avatars footballers need to overcome when facing their tasks make them resort, in many occasions, to the search and use of psychological techniques, such as visualisation or goal-setting, which are going to influence their sports performance. The aim of this study is to analyse to what extent these psychological techniques of visualisation and goal-setting are used in footballers in terms of how they are applied and when they are used. The sample is made up of 25 footballers who play in the tenth group of the third division of the Spanish Football League. For the analysis of the use of visualisation and goal-setting, several scales from Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD) as well as from LOEHR Psychological Sports Performance Inventory have been used. Some of the conclusions reached are that almost the entire team mentally trains to improve their performances, that this is done with clarity and that implementation proves to be easy. Moreover, more than half of the team uses the goal-setting technique, whose achivement depends on oneself.Downloads
References
Belén, M. (2014). Entrenamiento en imaginación visual con música para la adquisición o mejora de la técnica deportiva. Una propuesta. Lecturas, Educación Física y Deporte. Revista Digital, 190. From http://www.efdeportes.com/efd190/entrenamiento-en-imaginacion-visual-con-musica.htm
Buceta, J. M., Gimeno, F., & Pérez-Llantada, M. C. (1994). Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). National Distance Education University (Unpublished).
Cernuda, A. (1988). Versión Española del Inventario Psicológico de Rendimiento Deportivo (LOEHR, 1982). Madrid: Spanish Sports Technification Programme. High Council for Sports.
De la Vega, R. (2002). Desarrollo de un programa de entrenamiento en
Díaz, J. F., & García, A. (2001). Evaluación de metas en jugadores de fútbol de categoría juvenil y absoluta. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 10(2), 211-223.
Díaz-Ocejo, J., & Mora-Mérida, J. A. (2013). Revisión de algunas variables relevantes en el establecimiento de metas deportivas. Anales de Psicología, 29(1), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.137281
García, A., & Díaz, F. (2010). Relación entre optimismo/pesimismo disposicional, rendimiento y edad en jugadores de fútbol de competición. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 5(1), 45-60.
García-Adrianzén, D., & Refoyo-Román, I. (2014). Establecimiento de metas y la relación entre las expectativas de éxito y el rendimiento en un equipo de fútbol profesional. Kronos, 13(1).
Gimeno, F. (1999). Variables psicológicas implicadas en el rendimiento deportivo: Elaboración y estudios sobre la aplicación del cuestionario "Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo" (CPRD). PhD Thesis. Madrid: National Distance Education University.
Gimeno, F., Buceta, J. M., & Pérez-Llantada, M.C. (2001). El cuestionario "Características Psicológicas Relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo" (CPRD): Características psicométricas. Análise Psicológica, 1(19), 93-113.
González, G. (2013). Análisis de las variables psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo en jugadores de un equipo de fútbol semiprofesional. PhD Thesis (Unpublished). University of Seville.
González, G., Valdivia-Moral, P., Zagalaz M. L., & Romero, S. (2015). La autoconfianza y el control del estrés en futbolistas: Revisión de estudios. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y del Deporte, 10(1), 95-101.
Lavarello, J. (2005). Estudio comparativo de los niveles medidos por el CPRD entre dos grupos etáreos de las divisiones menores de dos equipos de fútbol de primera división. Educación Física y Deportes. Revista Digital, 84. From: http://www.efdeportes.com/efd84/cprd.htm
Llames, R. (2003). Variables psicológicas y rendimiento deportivo en el fútbol. PhD Thesis (Unpublished). University of Granada.
Loehr, J. E. (1982). Athetic Excellence: Mental Toughness Training for Sports. New York: Forum Publishing Co.
Morilla, M. (2009). Mejora de aspectos psicológicos, deportivos e institucionales mediante el desarrollo y aplicación de un Programa de Trabajo Psicológico en un club de fútbol. PhD Thesis (Unpublished). University of Seville.
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Olmedilla A., Ortega E., Andreu M. D., & Ortín F. (2010). Programa de intervención psicológica en futbolistas: Evaluación de habilidades psicológicas mediante el CPRD. Revista de Psicología del Deporte 19(2), 249-262.
Olmedilla, A., Ortega, E., Ortín, F.J., & Andreu, M. D. (2008). Entrenamiento psicológico en fútbol base de élite: Percepción de aplicabilidad e índices de satisfacción. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 3(1), 31-46.
Ortín, F. J., & Olmedilla, A. (2001). El establecimiento de objetivos como herramienta para la mejora del rendimiento deportivo en los deportes de equipo: Un caso en fútbol semiprofesional. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 1(1), 91-100.
Pacheco, M., & Gómez, J. (2005). Características psicológicas y rendimiento deportivo. Un estudio en jugadores bolivianos de fútbol profesional. Ajayu, 3(2), 1-26.
Reche-García, C., Cepero-González, M., & Rojas-Ruiz, F. J. (2013). Consideraciones en el entrenamiento de habilidades psicológicas en esgrima. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 13(2), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1578-84232013000200009
Reyes, M., Raimundi, M. J., & Gómez L. (2012). Programa de entrenamiento en habilidades psicológicas en jugadoras de voleibol de alto rendimiento. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 12(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1578-84232012000100001
Sánchez-Oliva, D., Leo, F. M., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Amado, D., & García-Calvo, T. (2012). Antecedentes motivacionales de los comportamientos prosociales y antisociales en el contexto deportivo. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 12(46), 253-270.
Ureña, P. (2005). Aplicaciones del sistema de eslabones de Puni a la preparación psicológica de un equipo de fútbol ante competiciones concretas. Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud MHSalud, 2(1), 1-11.
Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (1996). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Weinberg, R., & Gould, D. (2010). Fundamentos de Psicología del deporte y el ejercicio físico. Madrid: Panamericana.
Zurita-Ortega, F., Fernández-García, R., Cachón-Zagalaz, J., Ambris-Sandoval, J., Zaleta-Morales, L., & Hernández-Gallardo, D. (2014). Satisfacción y autoestima en jugadores de futbol base en relación con los estilos de enseñanza que reciben de los entrenadores de Ciudad del Carmen (México). Journal of Sport and Health Research, 6(1), 63-74.
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.