Who practices sports can be vegetarian?
Keywords:
Athletes, Vegetarian, Nutrition, Diet, SportsAbstract
In recent years, interest in "vegetarianism" has increased considerably, both among the common population and among sportsmen. Athletic performance and post-workout recovery can be improved through optimal nutrition: choosing the right foods and introducing them at the right time can make a difference in terms of sports results, for the same number of sessions and training hours. But those who practice sports can follow a vegetarian diet? The choice to become vegetarian is often based on the mere refusal to consume meat or animal products, a choice attributable to philosophical motivations of different nature. In this manuscript, we will try to determine, by commenting on the scientific data published in recent years, the effects, positive or negative, that could be a consequence from adopting a diet of this type, both in everyday life and in sports.
Downloads
References
Boccellino M., Quagliuolo L., & D’Angelo S. (2020). Annurca Apple Biophenols’ Effects in Combination with Cisplatin on A549 Cells. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 16, in press. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200504093028
Bytomski, J.R. (2018). Fueling for Performance. Sports health, 10, 1, 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738117743913
Cialdella-Kam, L., Kulpins, D., & Manore, M.M. (2016). Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 4(4), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports4040050
Craddock, J.C., Probst, Y.C., & Peoples, G.E. (2016). Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition - Comparing Physical Performance. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 26(3), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0231
D'Angelo, S., Lembo, S., Flora, F., De Bonis, M.L., Balato, A., Ayala, F., Balato, N., Galletti, P., & Zappia, V. (2012). Abnormal isoaspartyl residues in erythrocyte membranes from psoriatic patients. Archives of Dermatological Research, 304(6), 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1247-z
D'Angelo S, La Porta R, Napolitano M, Galletti P, Quagliuolo L, & Boccellino M.R. (2012)a. Effect of Annurca apple polyphenols on human HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation. Journal of Medicinal Food, 15(11), 1024-1031. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.0076
D’Angelo, S., Trojsi, F., Salvatore, A., Daniele, L., Raimo, M., Galletti, P., & Monsurrò, M.R. (2013). Accumulation of altered aspartyl residues in erythrocyte membrane proteins from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurochemistry International, 63 (6), 626-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.006
D'Angelo, S., Martino, E., Ilisso, C.P., Bagarolo, M.L., Porcelli, M. & Cacciapuoti, G. (2017). Pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic activity of polyphenol extract from Annurca apple and its underlying mechanisms in human breast cancer cells. International Journal of Oncology, 51, 939-948. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.4088
D’Angelo S, & Sammartino D. (2015). Protective effect of Annurca apple extract against oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 11 (4), 248-256. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401311666150610210529
D'Angelo, S., Martino E., & Cacciapuoti, G. (2019)a. Effects of Annurca Apple (Malus pumila cv Annurca) Polyphenols on Breast Cancer Cells. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 15 (7), 745-751. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190206142025
D’Angelo, S., Scafuro, M., & Meccariello, R. (2019). BPA and Nutraceuticals, Simultaneous Effects on Endocrine Functions. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 19(5), 594-604. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190101120119
D'Angelo S. & Cusano P. (2020). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in athletes. Sport Science, 13 (Suppl 1), 58-63.
D'Angelo S. & Rosa R. (2020). Oxidative stress and sport performance. Sport Science, 13 (Suppl 1), 18-22.
D'Angelo S. & Rosa R. (2020) a. The impact of supplementation with Pomegranate fruit (Punica Granatum L.) on sport performance. Sport Science, 13 (Suppl 1), 29-37.
D'Angelo S. & Tafuri D. (2020). Nutraceutical: their role in improving sports performance. Sport Science, 13 (Suppl 1): 7-12.
D’Angelo S. (2020). Polyphenols: Potential beneficial effects of these phytochemicals in athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 19, 7, 260-265. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000729
del Monaco, G., Officioso, A., D’Angelo, S., La Cara, F., Ionata, E., Marcolongo, L., Squillaci, G., Maurelli, L., & Morana, A. (2015). Characterization of extra virgin olive oils produced with typical Italian varieties by their phenolic profile. Food Chemistry, 184, 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.071
Ingrosso, D., D’Angelo, S., Perna, A.F., Iolascon, A., Miraglia del Giudice, E. Perrotta, S., Zappia, V., & Galletti P. (1995). Increased membrane-protein methylation in hereditary spherocytosis. A marker of cytoskeletal disarray. European Journal of Biochemistry (The FEBS Journal), 228, 894-898. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0894m.x
Ingrosso, D., D'Angelo, S., Perrotta, S., d'Urzo, G., Iolascon, A., Perna, A.F., Galletti, P., Zappia, V. & Miraglia del Giudice, E. (1996). Cytoskeletal behaviour in Spectrin and Band 3 deficient spherocytic red cells: evidence for a differentiated splenic conditioning role. British Journal of Haematology, 93, 38-41. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.451990.x
Farrokhyar F., Tabasinejad R., Dao D., Peterson D., Ayeni O.R., Hadioonzadeh R., Bhandari M. (2015). Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes: A systematic-review and meta-analysis. Sports Med, 45, 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0267-6
Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian nutrition: past, present, future. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100 (suppl 1), 496S–502S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.071365
Lynch, H., Johnston, C., & Wharton, C. (2018). Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance. Nutrients, 10(12), 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841
Martino, E., Vuoso, D.C., D'Angelo, S., Mele, L., D'Onofrio, N., Porcelli, M., & Cacciapuoti, G. (2019). Annurca apple polyphenol extract selectively kills MDA-MB-231 cells through ROS generation, sustained JNK activation and cell growth and survival inhibition. Scientific Reports, 10 (1), 13045. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49631-x
Meccariello, R., Santoro, A., D'Angelo, S., Morrone, R., Fasano, S., Viggiano, A., & Pierantoni, R. (2020). The Epigenetics of the Endocannabinoid System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3), 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031113
Meyer, N., & Reguant-Closa, A. (2017). "Eat as If You Could Save the Planet and Win!" Sustainability Integration into Nutrition for Exercise and Sport. Nutrients, 9(4), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040412
Motti, M.L., D’Angelo, S., & Meccariello, R. (2018). MicroRNAs, Cancer and Diet: Facts and New Exciting Perspectives. Current Molecular Pharmacology, 11, 90-96. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874467210666171013123733
Parker, H.W., & Vadiveloo, M.K. (2019). Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review. Nutrition reviews, 77(3), 144–160. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy067
Pelly F.E., & Burkhart S.J. (2014). Dietary regimens of athletes competing at the delhi 2010 commonwealth games. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 24, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0023
Peternelj, T.T., & Coombes, J.S. (2011). Antioxidant supplementation during exercise training: beneficial or detrimental? Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(12), 1043–1069. https://doi.org/10.2165/11594400-000000000-00000
Rogerson D. (2017). Vegan diets: practical advice for athletes and exercisers. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14, 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0192-9
van Vliet, S., Burd, N.A., & van Loon, L.J. (2015). The skeletal muscle anabolic response to plant-versus animal-based protein consumption. Journal of Nutrition, 145; 1981–1991. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204305
Vuoso D.C., Porcelli M., Cacciapuoti G., & D’Angelo S. (2020). Biological activity of MelAnnurca flesh apple biophenols. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 16, in press. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401316666200217113808
Zappia, V., Galletti, P., Manna, C., D’Angelo, S., Napoli, D., De Bonis, M.L., & Capasso, G. (2010). Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity. In: Victor R. Preedy and Ronald Ross Watson, editors, Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention. Oxford: Academic Press, (pp. 1245-1252). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374420-3.00136-4
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.