Outdoor movement education during COVID-19: What kindergarten teachers think
Keywords:
Outdoor education, Kindergarten, Physical activity, Outdoor movement education, COVID-19, ParksAbstract
During the lockdown physical activity had a decline. What is the status now? A questionnaire was administered to 69 kindergarten teachers in 11 Italian regions to investigate the outdoor physical activity of children. Twenty-six percent of them report that they implement activities in their school garden (67% have a space larger than150 sqm) or park; 42% report that children engage in 3 to 7 hours of physical activity per week, 51% from 1 to 2 hours per week, and 7% do no practice physical activity. In September-October 11% of teachers never go outside, in November-December 22% and in March-June 15%. 52% of teachers believe that children should not be taken outdoors because of cold, wind, or rain and 30% of parents agree that it is better if children do not go outside. 76% of teachers say that it is important for children to have contact with nature and 90% of teachers say that outdoor activities are not risky. Although teachers report that outdoor activities are a resource for kindergarten the data do not support this.
Downloads
References
Bates, LC., Zieff, G., Stanford, K., Moore, JB., Kerr, ZY., Hanson, E.D., Gibbs, BB., Kline, CE., & Stoner, L., (2020). COVID-19 Impact on Behaviors across the 24-Hour Day in Children and Adolescents: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep. Children, 7, 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090138
Cachón-Zagalaz, J., Sánchez-Zafra, M., Sanabrias-Moreno, D., González-Valero, G., Lara-Sánchez, AJ.,& Zagalaz-Sánchez, ML., (2020). Systematic Review of the Literature About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of School Children. Front Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569348
Casolo, F., Coco, D., Frattini, G., Vago, P., Casolo, A., (2019). Effective teaching competences in Physical Education, Journal of physical education and sport, 19, 1806-1813. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes
Decree 04 maggio 2020 - GU Serie Generale n.115 del 06-05-2020) Retrieved from: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/05/06/20A02526/sg
Decree-Law 30 luglio 2020, n. 83. G.U. 28/09/2020, n. 240 Retrieved from: https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/07/30/20G00112/sg
Decree-Law: February 23, 2020. Retrieved from: http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/gu/2020/02/23/45/sg/pdf
Decreto-legge 07 ottobre 2020, n. 125. G.U. Serie Generale, n. 248 del 07 ottobre 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it/norme/dettaglioAtto?id=76574
D'Elia, F. (2019). The training of physical education teacher in primary school. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14, pp. S100-S104. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc1.12
D'Elia, F. (2020). Teachers' perspectives about contents and learning aim of physical education in Italian primary school, Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15 (Proc2), pp. S279-S288. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc2.19
DPCM 08/03/2020 - (G.U. Serie Generale, n. 59 del 08 marzo 2020) Retrieved from: https://www.trovanorme.salute.gov.it/norme/dettaglioAtto?id=73594
Fumagalli, G. F., Tortella, P., Coppola, R., & Sgrò, F. (2020). Physical or emotional scaffolding in a difficult motor task: What is better with 5-year-old children? Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(4proc),S1436-S1445. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.40
Giallonardo, V., Sampogna, G., Del Vecchio, V., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., et al. (2020). The impact of quarantine and physical distancing following COVID-19 on mental health: study protocol of a multicentric Italian population trial. Front. Psychiatr. 11:533. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533
Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
Haga, M., Tortella, P., Asonitou, K., Charitou, S., Koutsouki, D., Fumagalli, G., & Sigmundsson, H. (2018). Cross-cultural aspects: Exploring motor competence among 7-to 8-year-old children from Greece, Italy, and Norway. Sage open, 8(2), 2158244018768381. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018768381
Janssen, I., LeBlanc, A.G., (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 7, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
King, AJ., Burke, LM., Halson, SL., & Hawley, JA., (2020). The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic. Sport Medicine, 50, 1233-1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01295-8
Notarnicola, A., Vicenti, G., Fischeti, F., Laricchia, L., Guastamacchia, R., Tafuri, S., Moreti, B. (2012). Improved mental representation of space in beginner orienteers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 114 (1), pp. 250-260. https://doi.org/10.2466/03.04.11.PMS.114.1.250-260
Park, S., Kim, B., & Lee, J., (2020). Social Distancing and Outdoor Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: Implications for Physical Distancing Strategies. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 32 (6-7), 360-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520940929
Roman-Viñas, B., Chaput, JP., Katzmarzyk, PT., Fogelholm, M., Lambert, E.V., Maher, C., Maia, J., Olds, T., Onywera, V., Sarmiento, O.L., et al., (2016). Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-h movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.13, 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0449-8
Sgrò, F., Coppola, R., Tortella, P., & Lipoma, M. (2020). Tactical Games Model as curriculum approach at elementary school: Effects on in-game volleyball technical improvements. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(4proc), S1178-S1186. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.19
Sgrò, F., Mango, P., Pignato, S., Schembri, R., Licari, D., & Lipoma, M. (2017). Assessing standing long jump developmental levels using an inertial measurement unit. Perceptual and motor skills, 124(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516682649
Tortella, P., & Fumagalli, G. (2017). The effect of teaching methodologies in promoting physical and cognitive development in children. Physical Activity and Educational Achievement: Insights from Exercise Neuroscience, 297. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315305790-17
Tortella, P., Haga, M., Ingebrigtsen, J. E., Sigmundsson, H., & Fumagalli, G. F. (2019). Comparing free play and partly structured play in 4-5-years-old children in an outdoor playground. Frontiers in public health, 7, 197. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00197
Tortella, P., Haga, M., Loras, H., Sigmundsson, H., & Fumagalli, G. (2016). Motor skill development in Italian pre-school children induced by structured activities in a specific playground. PLoS One, 11(7), e0160244. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160244
Tremblay, M.S.; Carson, V.; Chaput, J.-P.; Connor Gorber, S.; Dinh, T.; Duggan, M.; Faulkner, G.; Gray, C.E.; Gruber, R.; Janson, K.; et al. Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2016, 41, S311-S327. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0151
W.H.O., (2008). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
Zenic, N., Taiar, R., Gilic, B., Blazevic, M., Maric, D., Pojskic, H., Sekulic, & D. (2020). Levels and changes of physical activity in adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextualizing urban vs. Rural living environment. Appl. Sci., 10, 3997. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113997.
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.