Chile's social outburst: Major arguments and demands by athletes, coaches, and leaders of the Chilean Olympic Movement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2023.182.04Keywords:
Social crisis, Sports phenomena, Social phenomena, Olympic movement, Citizen demandsAbstract
The social upheaval in Chile, mainly attributed to inequalities, injustices and inequities, and protected by a political, social and economic systems, among others, was not alien to the Chilean Olympic Committee, its National Olympic Academy and the High Performance Athletes, who convened and developed in Santiago of Chile, the First Citizen Dialogue of the National Federated Sport to address these issues. The purpose of this study, unprecedented for the Chilean situation, was to analyse different points of view and identify the most important and salient arguments relevant to understanding the main demands and proposals made on behalf of Chileans stakeholders. As a methodological approach, the interpretive paradigm was utilized, along with a qualitative approach, based on hermeneutic phenomenology and associated to the main thematic components in Citizen Dialogues. The discussion group comprised athletes, coaches, and national leaders, forming a sample of n = 285 people that congregated in discussion groups. Grounded Theory was used in the analysis, which led to the determination of conclusions regarding the problems facing sport and then, improvements were proposed. In general, there is consensus among the opinions and arguments of the different actors, and very few disagreements. In conclusion, it is clear that sports activity in Chile is still in a precarious stage, with certain characteristics of amateurism in the various spheres, with the absence of adequate resources and an insufficient institutional and organizational framework which has not ensured adequate policies, security, and incentives to the different taking part actors. In-depth measures are clearly needed.
Downloads
References
Banco interamericano de desarrollo. (2006). La política de las políticas públicas: Progreso económico y social en América Latina: Informe 2006. Retrieved from: https://publications.iadb.org/es/publicacion/16950/la-politica-de-las-politicas-publicas-progreso-economico-y-social-en-america
Baumann, F. (2021). The Next Frontier—Human Development and the Anthropocene: UNDP Human Development Report 2020. Environ.Dev.Sustain. 63(3), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2021.1898908
Bourdieu, P. (1984a). La distinción. Criterio y bases sociales del gusto. Taurus.
Bourdieu, P. (1984b). Questions de sociologie. Minuit.
Castells, M. (2012). Redes de indignación y esperanza. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Comisión económica para América latina y el caribe. (2020). Informe del Trigésimo Cuarto Período de Sesiones del Comité Plenatio de la CEPAL.
Comité Olímpico internacional. (2019). Carta olímpica: Vigente a partir del 17 de Julio de 2020. Retrieved from: https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/208119/carta-olimpica-vigente-a-partir-del-26-de-junio-de-2019-comite-olimpico-internacional
Contreras, D., & Gómez-Lobo, A. (2006). En busca del oro: ¿Qué determina el éxito en competencias deportivas internacionales? TE, 73(290(2)), 241-263. https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v73i290.544
Croce, M. (2012). El canon latinoamericano o esa comunidad imaginada que impulsa la utopía de América. Revista Investigações, 25(1), 11-34.
De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., van Bottenburg, M., Shibli, S., & Bingham, J. (2009). Explaining international sporting success: An international comparison of elite sport systems and policies in six countries. Sport Manage. Rev., 12(3), 113-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2009.01.001
de Gialdino, I. V. (2009). Ontological and Epistemological Foundations of Qualitative Research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum Qual. Soc. Res., 10(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-10.2.1299
Deloitte. (2018). Estudio comparativo internacional de los modelos de deporte de alto nivel.
Fernández, I. (2017). Las políticas de la Unión Europea en el ámbito del deporte. Educació Social. Revista d’Intervenció Socioeducativa, 65, 57-74.
Fernández, M. D. G., & López, J. B. (2008). Después del deporte, qué? Análisis psicológico de la retirada deportiva. RPD/JSP, 17(1), 61-69.
Fernández, M. D. G., & Torregrosa, M. (2009). Análisis De La Retirada De La Competición De Élite: Antecedentes, Transición Y Consecuencias. RIPED, 4(1), 93-104.
García, P. B., & Burillo, P. (2018). Los deportistas de élite en el sistema universitario español. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 33, 162-168. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.55773
Gil, A. (2015). Llega el «erasmus» Deportivo Entrevista a Susana del Río Villar, Directora de Erasmus Agm+: “queremos un Modelo que Sincronice Universidad y Deporte”. DKH prensa. Retrieved from: https://dkh.deusto.es/comunidad/press/recurso/llega-el-erasmus-deportivo-entrevista-a-susana/339d49ba-6fcd-4bce-9e12-29da82b93b7b
Herrera, H. (2019). Octubre en Chile: Acontecimiento y comprensión política: Hacia un republicanismo popular. (Vol. 77). Katankura. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-43602020000100273
Irarrázaval, I., Hairel, E., Sokolowski, S. W., & Salamon, L. M. (2006). Estudio comparativo del sector sin fines de lucro, Chile. Santiago: Johns Hopkins University, PNUD, Estudios y Consultorías FOCUS.
Jacques, V., Flandez, J., Monrroy, M., Arismendi, A., Vergara, G., Maureira, F., Vargas, R., Cornejo, M., Martinez, C., & Gajardo, R. (2016). Determining factors in the performance of Chilean athletes. A case study of high performance athletes/Factores determinantes del desempeno de los deportistas en Chile. El caso de los deportistas de alto rendimiento. Motricidade, 12(S2), 165-175.
Jordana Casas, A., Torregrossa, M., Ramis Laloux, Y., & Latinjak, A. T. (2017). Retirada del deporte de élite: Una revisión sistemática de estudios cualitativos. RPD/JSP, 26(4), 68-74.
Martínez Godínez, V. L. (2013). Paradigmas de investigación. Manual multimedia para el desarrollo de trabajos de investigación. Una investigación desde la epistemología dialéctico-crítica. Retrieved from: http://148.202.167.116:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3790
Vergara-Perucich, José Francisco. (2020). Big Bang. Estallido Social 2019. Modelo Derrumbado - Sociedad Rota - Política Inútil. Universum (Talca), 35(1), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-23762020000100430
Ministerio del Deporte, G. de C. (2016). Política nacional de actividad física y deportes 2016-2025. (1a). Fidel Oteiza 1956. Retrieved from: http://biblioteca.digital.gob.cl/handle/123456789/380
Muñoz, S. M., & Marrugo, E. A. B. (2017). Análisis de las coberturas sociales de los deportistas en España y Colombia. Retos. Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 32, 152-157. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.52073
Navarro, J. (2008). Políticas deportivas de las instituciones de educación superior. Sapiens: Revista Universitaria de Investigación, 9, 203-218.
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico. (2018). Estudios económicos de la OCDE: Chile 2018. Better policies for better lives. 72.
Pérez, P. R. Á., Jorge, D. P., Ramallal, M. E. G., & Aguilar, D. L. (2014). La formación universitaria de deportistas de alto nivel: Análisis de una compleja relación entre estudios y deporte. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 26, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34408
Piñeiro, R. S. (2015). Contribución de la innovación deportiva al crecimiento económico europeo. Sport TK, 4(2), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.6018/242911
Retamal, F. C., Castillo, C. M., Contreras, C. V., Canan, F., Starepravo, F. A., & de Oliveira, A. A. B. (2020). Participación ciudadana en la elaboración de las políticas públicas de actividad física y deporte: El caso de Chile. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 38, 482-489. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.76340
Rodríguez, A. (2015). Geopolítica de la raza. Sudáfrica, Estados Unidos y boicot en los juegos olímpicos de 1968. Estud. de Hist. Mod. Contemp. de Mex 50, 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehmcm.2015.10.001
Salvador, J. L. (2004). El deporte en occidente. Cátedra.
Sánchez, D. M., & Valenzuela, A. V. (2013). Análisis del perfil motivacional de diversos grupos de atletas y su repercusión en el nivel de satisfacción deportiva. Sport TK, 2(2), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.6018/194571
Sánchez-Pato, A., Pascual, E. C., García, L. M., Estero, J. L. A., & García-Roca, J. A. (2018). Estudio del éxito académico de un modelo universitaro de carrera dual en deportistas-estudiantes según género, nivel de estudios y deporte. Rev. esp. educ. fís. deportes, 421, 35-47.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2003). Bases de la investigación cualitativa técnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teoría fundamentada. Universidad de Antioquia.
Tejero-González, C. M. (2016). Sobre la importancia del deporte como acción política: Razones y medidas de gobernanza. Cult. Cien. y Deporte, 11(31), 5-6.
Therborn, G. (2016). Los campos de exterminio de la desigualdad (2a). Fondo de Cultura Economica.
UNESCO. (2013). Conferencia Internacional de Ministros y Altos Funcionarios Encargados de la Educación Física y el Deporte (MINEPS). Retrieved from: https://es.unesco.org/themes/deporte-y-antidopaje/mineps
Vásquez Recalde, L. E. (2018). Relación de la inversión pública en deporte de alto rendimiento y los resultados deportivos obtenidos. Período 2009-2016. Retrieved from: http://repositorio.puce.edu.ec:80/xmlui/handle/22000/15471
Vega-Malagón, G., Ávila-Morales, J., Vega-Malagón, A. J., Camacho-Calderón, N., Becerril-Santos, A., & Leo-Amador, G. E. (2014). Paradigmas en la investigación. Enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo. Eur. Sci. J, 10(15).
Vilanova, A., & Puig, N. (2013). Compaginar la carrera deportiva con la carrera académica para la futura inserción laboral:?` Una cuestión de estrategia? RPD/JSP, 22(1), 61-68.
Wilson, T. C. (2002). The Paradox of Social Class and Sports Involvement: The Roles of Cultural and Economic Capital. Int Rev Sociol Sport, 37(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690202037001001
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.
