Linking psycho-physical profiles to different training condition during COVID-19 confinement
Keywords:
Functional training, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of life, Home training, Distance learningAbstract
At the end of the period of home confinement due to Covid-19 lockdown, the 12-item Health Survey (SF-12) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. Participants also completed the Profile of Mood State (POMS) for the assessment of mood. Data were collected through an online form on a sample of 143 adults (71% aged 18-30, 12% 31-40, 11% 41-50 and 6% aged >50, 58% males and 42% females). Subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the corresponding training condition followed during the first lockdown. Training classes were carried out via online guided distance learning. 19 subjects (Group FT) received functional training classes as they did before the confinement. Group FTL (29 subjects) followed another functional training only during the lockdown. Group DT (46 subjects) continued a non-functional type training also during lockdown; group TL performed one training only during lockdown. Finally, group NT (25 subjects) received no training. Results from SF-12 showed no significant differences between groups. POMS result indicated that only the FT group had positive effects on anxiety and depression, whereas a functional training performed with a different program (FTL) resulted in no significant effects on anxiety compared to NA group.
Downloads
References
Abd El-Kader, S. M., & Al-Jiffri, O. H. (2016). Aerobic exercise improves quality of life, psychological well-being and systemic inflammation in subjects with Alzheimer's disease. African health sciences, 16(4), 1045-1055. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v16i4.22
Anderson, E. H., & Shivakumar, G. (2013). Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety. Frontiers in psychiatry, 4, 27. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027
Bartholomew, J. B., Morrison, D., & Ciccolo, J. T. (2005). Effects of acute exercise on mood and well-being in patients with major depressive disorder. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(12), 2032. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000178101.78322.dd
Belmaker, R. H., & Agam, G. (2008). Major depressive disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra073096
Bonavolontà, V., Cataldi, S., Maci, D., & Fischetti, F. (2020). Physical activities and enjoyment during the lockdown: Effect of home-based supervised training among children and adolescents. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15 (Proc. 4), S1338 - S1343. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.31
Bonavolontà, V., Greco, G., Cataldi, S., De Florio, O., & Fischetti, F. (2020). Effects Of An 8-week Crossfit Program On Psychophysical Well-being In Healthy Adolescents: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52(7S), 279. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000676608.61263.8e
Broman-Fulks, J. J., Berman, M. E., Rabian, B. A., & Webster, M. J. (2004). Effects of aerobic exercise on anxiety sensitivity. Behaviour research and therapy, 42(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00103-7
Chang, Y. C., Lu, M. C., Hu, I. H., Wu, W. C. I., & Hu, S. C. (2017). Effects of different amounts of exercise on preventing depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ open, 7(4), e014256. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014256
Cooney, G. M., Dwan, K., Greig, C. A., Lawlor, D. A., Rimer, J., Waugh, F. R., & Mead,G. E. (2013). Exercise for depression. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub6
DeBoer, L. B., Powers, M. B., Utschig, A. C., Otto, M. W., & Smits, J. A. (2012). Exploring exercise as an avenue for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 12(8), 1011-1022. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.12.73
D'Elia, F., Tortella, P., Sannicandro, I., & D'Isanto, T. (2020). Design and teaching of physical education for children and youth. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(4proc), S1527-S1533. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.48
de Sousa Junior, I., Nunes, R. S. M., de Luca Corrêa, H., & Vieira, E. (2020). Functional training program: the impact on depression, anxiety and sleep quality in adolescents. Sport Sciences for Health, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-020-00679-7
DiLorenzo, T. M., Bargman, E. P., Stucky-Ropp, R., Brassington, G. S., Frensch, P. A., & LaFontaine, T. (1999). Long-term effects of aerobic exercise on psychological outcomes. Preventive medicine, 28(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0385
Fischetti, F., Latino, F., Cataldi, S., Greco, G. (2020) Gender differences in body image dissatisfaction: The role of physical education and sport. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15 (2), pp. 241-250. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.152.01
Gibala, M. J., Gillen, J. B., & Percival, M. E. (2014). Physiological and health-related adaptations to low-volume interval training: influences of nutrition and sex. Sports Medicine, 44(2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0259-6
Greco, G., Tambolini, R., Ambruosi, P., Fischetti, F. (2017) Negative effects of smartphone use on physical and technical performance of young footballers, Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17 (4), art. no. 280, pp. 2495-2501.
Grove, J. R., & Prapavessis, H. (1992). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of an abbreviated Profile of Mood States. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23(2), 93–109.
Haga, M., Tortella, P., Asonitou, K., Charitou, S., Koutsouki, D., Fumagalli, G., & Sigmundsson, H. (2018). Cross-cultural aspects: Exploring motor competence among 7-to 8-year-old children from Greece, Italy, and Norway. Sage open, 8(2), 2158244018768381. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018768381
Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494
Heggelund, J., Kleppe, K. D., Morken, G., & Vedul-Kjelsås, E. (2014). High aerobic intensity training and psychological states in patients with depression or schizophrenia. Frontiers in psychiatry, 5, 148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00148
Lee, I. T., Fu, C. P., Lee, W. J., Liang, K. W., Lin, S. Y., Wan, C. J., & Sheu, W. H. H. (2014). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, but not body weight, correlated with a reduction in depression scale scores in men with metabolic syndrome: a prospective weight- reduction study. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 6(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-6-18
Luo, L., Li, C., Deng, Y., Wang, Y., Meng, P., & Wang, Q. (2019). High-intensity interval training on neuroplasticity, balance between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and precursor brain-derived neurotrophic factor in poststroke depression rats. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 28(3), 672-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.11.009
Martinsen, E. W., Hoffart, A., & Solberg, Ø. Y. (1989). Aerobic and non‐aerobic forms of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Stress Medicine, 5(2), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2460050209
Moussavi, S., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Tandon, A., Patel, V., & Ustun, B. (2007). Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. The Lancet, 370(9590), 851-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61415-9
Raiola, G., Aliberti, S., Esposito, G., Altavilla, G., D'Isanto, T., & D'Elia, F. (2020). How has the Practice of Physical Activity Changed During the COVID-19 Quarantine? A Preliminary Survey. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 20(4), 242-247. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2020.4.07
Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: a meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of psychiatric research, 77, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023
Sgrò, F., Pignato, S., & Lipoma, M. (2018). Assessing the impact of gender and sport practice on students' performance required in team games. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18, 497-502.
Vancampfort, D., De Hert, M., Knapen, J., Wampers, M., Demunter, H., Deckx, S., ... & Probst, M. (2011). State anxiety, psychological stress and positive well-being responses to yoga and aerobic exercise in people with schizophrenia: a pilot study. Disability and rehabilitation, 33(8), 684-689. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.509458
Viana, R. B., de Lira, C. A. B., Naves, J. P. A., Coswig, V. S., Del Vecchio, F. B., Ramirez-Campillo, R., ... & Gentil, P. (2018). Can we draw general conclusions from interval training studies? Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2001-2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0925-1
Viana, R. B., Gentil, P., Naves, J. P. A., Rebelo, A. C. S., Santos, D. A. T., Braga, M. A. O., & de Lira, C. A. B. (2019). Interval Training Improves Depressive Symptoms But Not Anxious Symptoms in Healthy Women. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00661
Ware, J. E. (1996). SF-12: an even shorter health survey. Med Outcome Trust Bull, 4, 2.
Wipfli, B. M., Rethorst, C. D., & Landers, D. M. (2008). The anxiolytic effects of exercise: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and dose-response analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(4), 392-410. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.4.392
World Health Organization. (2012). Depression (N 369) [Fact sheet].
Wu, M. H., Lee, C. P., Hsu, S. C., Chang, C. M., & Chen, C. Y. (2015). Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on the mental and physical health of people with chronic schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 11, 1255. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S81482
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.