The role of the extra physical activity on memory storage and psychosocial features
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc4.57Keywords:
Physical fitness, Self-esteem, Cognitive functions, Physical educationAbstract
The present research investigated the role of the physical activity on cognitive functions and psychosocial characteristics. Pre-adolescent children of a middle School of Rimini participated to extra physical activities (EPA) organised by the school. They performed a Free Recall memory Test (Nielson, Radtke & Jensen, 1996) and filled the self-esteem questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1965) and their results were compared with a group of students that did not performed the activity proposed (non-EPA). Moreover, to control the level of physical activity of the sample, participants filled the International activity questionnaire. The results showed that the students who participated to the extra physical activities had high self-esteem compared to the non-EPA group, while no differences between the groups emerged from the Free Recall Memory test.
Downloads
References
Altavilla, G., D'Elia, F., & Raiola, G. (2018). A brief review of the effects of physical activity in subjects with cardiovascular disease: An interpretative key. Sport Mont, 16(3), 103-106. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.181018
Best, J. R. (2010). Effects of physical activity on children’s executive function: Contributions of experimental research on aerobic exercise. Developmental Review, 30(4), 331-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2010.08.001
Biddle, S. J., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 886-895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
Berringan D. & Masse L. (2008). Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer, Medicine & Science in sports & Exercise January, 40(1), 181-188. http://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
Calfas, K. J., & Taylor, W. C. (1994). Effects of physical activity on psychological variables in adolescents. Pediatric exercise science, 6(4), 406-423. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406
Coles, K., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2008). Effects of acute exercise on executive processing, short-term and long-term memory. Journal of sports sciences, 26(3), 333-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701591417
Colley, R. C., Garriguet, D., Janssen, I., Craig, C. L., Clarke, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011). Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health reports, 22(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-200
Dallolio, L., Ceciliani, A., Sanna, T., Garulli, A., & Leoni, E. (2016). Proposal for an enhanced physical education program in the primary school: Evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness in improving physical skills and fitness. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 13(10), 1025-1034. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0694
Ding, D., Sallis, J. F., Kerr, J., Lee, S., & Rosenberg, D. E. (2011). Neighborhood environment and physical activity among youth: a review. American journal of preventive medicine, 41(4), 442-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.036
D’Isanto, T., Manna, A., & Altavilla, G. (2017). Health and physical activity. Sport Science, 10(1), 100-105.
Fox, K. R. (2003). The effects of exercise on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In Physical activity and psychological well-being (pp. 100-119). Routledge.
Gurnani, M., Birken, C., & Hamilton, J. (2015). Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and management. Pediatric Clinics, 62(4), 821-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2015.04.001
Holt, N. L., Lee, H., Millar, C. A., & Spence, J. C. (2015). ‘Eyes on where children play’: A retrospective study of active free play. Children's Geographies, 13(1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2013.828449
Hill J., O. & Peters J., C. (1998). Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science. 280(5368). 1371-4.
Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R., & Donen, R. M. (2004). The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual. College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87(1), 1-38.
Kumanyika, S. K. (2008). Environmental influences on childhood obesity: ethnic and cultural influences in context. Physiology & behavior, 94(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.019
Mathôt, S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior research methods, 44(2), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0168-7
Niederer, I., Kriemler, S., Gut, J., Hartmann, T., Schindler, C., Barral, J., & Puder, J. J. (2011). Relationship of aerobic fitness and motor skills with memory and attention in preschoolers (Ballabeina): a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMC pediatrics, 11(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-11-34
Nielson, K. A., Radtke, R. C., & Jensen, R. A. (1996). Arousal-induced modulation of memory storage processes in humans. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 66(2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1006/nlme.1996.0054
Shephard, R. J. (1997). Curricular physical activity and academic performance. Pediatric exercise science, 9(2), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.9.2.113
Pate, R. R., McIver, K., Dowda, M., Brown, W. H., & Addy, C. (2008). Directly observed physical activity levels in preschool children. Journal of school health, 78(8), 438-444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00327.x
Paivio, A., Yuille, J. C., & Madigan, S. A. (1968). Concreteness, imagery, and meaningfulness values for 925 nouns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(1, Pt.2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025327
Penedo, F. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2005). Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Current opinion in psychiatry, 18(2), 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001504-200503000-00013
Pesce, C., Crova, C., Cereatti, L., Casella, R., & Bellucci, M. (2009). Physical activity and mental performance in preadolescents: Effects of acute exercise on free-recall memory. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 2(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2009.02.001
Rosenberg, M. (1965). The measurement of self-esteem, Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, 16-36.
Sibley, B. A., & Etnier, J. L. (2003). The relationship between physical activity and cognition in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatric exercise science, 15(3), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.3.243
Strauss, R. S., Rodzilsky, D., Burack, G., & Colin, M. (2001). Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in healthy children. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 155(8), 897-902. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.8.897
Valentini, M., Riccardi, F., Raiola, G., & Federici, A. (2018). Educational research: motor area and relational area during children's personality development. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18, 2157.
Van der Borght, K., Havekes, R., Bos, T., Eggen, B. J. L., & Van der Zee, E. A. (2007). Exercise improves memory acquisition and retrieval in the Y-maze task: Relationship with hippocampal neurogenesis. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121(2), 324-334. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.324
Wannamethee, S. G., & Shaper, A. G. (2001). Physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Sports medicine, 31(2), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131020-00003
Warburton, D. E., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. S. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian medical association journal, 174(6), 801-809. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051351
Wijnhoven TM, van Raaij JM, Spinelli A, et al. (2014) WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: body mass index and level of overweight among 6-9-year-old children from school year 2007/2008 to school year 2009/2010. BMC Public Health; 14:806. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-806
Whitmer, R. A., Gustafson, D. R., Barrett-Connor, E., Haan, M. N., Gunderson, E. P., & Yaffe, K. (2008). Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later.Neurology,71(14),1057-1064. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000306313.89165.ef
World Health Organization. Why does childhood overweight and obesity matter? (www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood_consequences/en).
Yu, C. C. W., Chan, S., Cheng, F., Sung, R. Y. T., & Hau, K. T. (2006). Are physical activity and academic performance compatible? Academic achievement, conduct, physical activity and self‐esteem of Hong Kong Chinese primary school children. Educational Studies, 32(4), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690600850016
Zhu, N., Jacobs, D. R., Schreiner, P. J., Yaffe, K., Bryan, N., Launer, L. J., ... & Bouchard, C. (2014). Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in middle age: the CARDIA study. Neurology, 82(15), 1339-1346. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000310
Downloads
Statistics
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Human Sport and Exercise
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Each author warrants that his or her submission to the Work is original and that he or she has full power to enter into this agreement. Neither this Work nor a similar work has been published elsewhere in any language nor shall be submitted for publication elsewhere while under consideration by JHSE. Each author also accepts that the JHSE will not be held legally responsible for any claims of compensation.
Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Please include at the end of the acknowledgements a declaration that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned requirements. The author(s) will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements.
This title is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
You are free to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
Transfer of Copyright
In consideration of JHSE’s publication of the Work, the authors hereby transfer, assign, and otherwise convey all copyright ownership worldwide, in all languages, and in all forms of media now or hereafter known, including electronic media such as CD-ROM, Internet, and Intranet, to JHSE. If JHSE should decide for any reason not to publish an author’s submission to the Work, JHSE shall give prompt notice of its decision to the corresponding author, this agreement shall terminate, and neither the author nor JHSE shall be under any further liability or obligation.
Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article, except as disclosed on a separate attachment. All funding sources supporting the Work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of the authors are acknowledged in a footnote in the Work.
Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the protocol for any investigation involving humans or animals and that all experimentation was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research.
Competing Interests
Biomedical journals typically require authors and reviewers to declare if they have any competing interests with regard to their research.
JHSE require authors to agree to Copyright Notice as part of the submission process.